Encephalitis lethargica, or sleeping sickness, had spread throughout the world in the second and third decades of the twentieth century. Early victims in Vienna and Paris were soldiers returning from the World War battlefields. Soon, civilians were also stricken. In Asleep, author Molly Caldwell Crosby recounts the epidemic as it unfolded in New York City. Encephalitis lethargica is a medical mystery. Its cause is unknown, manifestations vary widely, there is no proven treatment, and long-term health consequences, both physiological and psychological, can be devastating. Victims generally experienced sleep that persisted for many weeks. Some could be aroused but would immediately return to sleep. Those who survived often suffered severe and life-changing after effects. Children especially developed mental and emotional impairment that could lead to lifetime institutionalization.
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