Estimation of spatial apportionment of greenhouse gas emissions for the UK using boundary layer measurements and inverse modelling technique

摘要

A technique is described to independently validate the national emission inventories produced using the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A boundary layer budget approach is applied to the United Kingdom and an inverse modelling technique is used to derive total and spatial apportionment of emissions for CO, CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, HFC-134a, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b and HCFC-22. During the summer of 2005 and September 2006 an aircraft circumnavigating the UK was used to collect data upwind and downwind of the UK coast. The concentration measurements were inverted to produce mapped emissions of the UK. The modelled overall CO flux (2900 ± 107 kt yr~(-1)) and spatial apportionment throughout the UK are remarkably consistent with the official UK NAEI (National Atmospheric Emission Inventory) inventory. The CO_2 total emissions (620 ± 105 Mt yr~(-1)) and spatial apportionment are also close to the NAEI. However for N_2O and CH_4, the estimated annual fluxes, 500 ± 370 kt yr~(-1) and 3500 (range 0-8000 kt yr1) respectively, are larger than the NAEI albeit with significant uncertainty. Emissions of four halocarbon compounds were also calculated with total emissions of 3.1 ± 0.4 kt yr~(-1) for HFC-134a, 0.9 ± 0.6 kt yr~(-1) for HCFC-141b, 0.56 ± 0.2 kt yr~(-1) for HCFC-142b and 3.8 ± 1.0 kt yr~(-1) for HCFC-22 consistent with other published data.