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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical journal >PHOTOIONIZATION RATES IN CLUMPY MOLECULAR CLOUDS
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PHOTOIONIZATION RATES IN CLUMPY MOLECULAR CLOUDS

机译:块状分子团的光化率

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We present calculations of the continuum ultraviolet radiation field (91.2 nm < λ < 550 nm) penetrating both uniform and clumpy (3D turbulent supersonic magnetohydrodynamic) starless molecular gas layers. We find that despite the self-shielding of clumps, pristine (i.e., unreddened) radiation penetrates deeply both the cloud's volume and its mass, resulting in a brighter and bluer intracloud radiation field compared to that in an equivalent uniform cloud. Motivated by these results, we construct and test a toy model ray-tracing scheme for the radiative transfer that fits the UV-visible spectral range with a three-parameter function. We calculate the photoionization rates, Γ, of the elements C, Na, Mg, Si, S, and Fe as functions of the visual extinction A_V along lines of sight. Typically, the difference in Γ(A_V) between the clumpy and uniform clouds increases to orders of magnitude at even modest extinctions (A_V ~ 2). Photoionization in the clumpy model extends 2-3 times deeper than in the uniform case, and it dominates cosmic-ray ion-ization throughout almost the entire volume. We encapsulate these average results in a parameterized form appropriate for when an approximate treatment of the effects of dumpiness is desired. However, the large point-to-point variance in this behavior suggests that uncertainties may arise when using mean values to model particular lines of sight in detail. Ideally, these new results would be used in conjunction with established results for homogeneous clouds in order to span a range of behavior that arises due to cloud inhomogeneities. We briefly explore the importance of the adopted dust properties, characterized by the selective extinction R_V and the scattering parameter g. We find that the UV field is considerably less sensitive to these dust properties in clumpy clouds, emphasizing the preeminence of geometry.
机译:我们提出了穿透均匀和块状(3D湍流超音速磁流体动力)无星分子气体层的连续紫外辐射场(91.2 nm <λ<550 nm)的计算。我们发现,尽管团块具有自我屏蔽功能,但原始辐射(即未变红的辐射)会深深地穿透云的体积和质量,与同等的均匀云相比,会产生更亮和更蓝的云内辐射场。受这些结果的激励,我们构建并测试了一种玩具模型射线跟踪方案,用于辐射传递,该方案适合具有三参数函数的UV-可见光谱范围。我们沿视线计算了消光A_V的功能,计算出元素C,Na,Mg,Si,S和Fe的光电离速率Γ。通常,在均匀的消光条件下(A_V〜2),块状云和均匀云之间的Γ(A_V)差异会增加到数量级。块状模型中的光电离深度是均匀情况下的2-3倍,并且在几乎整个体积中占主导地位的宇宙射线电离。我们将这些平均结果封装为参数化形式,适用于需要对矮度效应进行近似处理的情况。但是,此行为的较大的点对点差异表明,使用平均值对特定视线进行详细建模时可能会出现不确定性。理想情况下,这些新结果将与均质云的既定结果结合使用,以涵盖由于云不均匀而引起的一系列行为。我们简要探讨了采用选择性消光R_V和散射参数g表征的粉尘特性的重要性。我们发现,UV场对块状云中的这些灰尘特性的敏感度要低得多,从而强调了几何学的优越性。

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