We investigate the heavy element QSO absorption systems caused by gas condensations at high redshift that evolve into galaxies at the present epoch. Artificial QSO spectra were generated for a variety of lines of sight through regions of the universe simulated with a hydrodynamics code. The C Ⅳ and H Ⅰ absorption features in these spectra closely resemble observed C Ⅳ and H Ⅰ absorption systems if [C/H] ～ -3 to -2 is assumed. C Ⅳ absorption complexes with multiple-component structure and velocity spreads up to ～600 km s~(-1) are found. The broadest systems are caused by lines of sight passing through groups of protogalactic clumps aligned along filamentary structures expanding with the Hubble flow. Typical clumps have a radius of about 5-10 kpc, a baryonic mass of ～10~9 solar mass, and are surrounded by hot gas atmospheres with a radius of about 30 kpc. The temperature of a considerable fraction of the gas does not take the photoionization equilibrium value. This invalidates density and size estimates derived from thermal equilibrium models. Our model may be able to explain both high-ionization multicomponent heavy-element absorbers and damped Lyα systems as groups of small protogalactic clumps.
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机译：我们研究了由高红移引起的气体凝结引起的重元素QSO吸收系统，该系统在当前时期演化为星系。人工QSO光谱是通过流体力学代码模拟的穿过宇宙区域的各种视线生成的。如果假设[C / H]〜-3至-2，则这些光谱中的CⅣ和HⅠ吸收特征与观察到的CⅣ和HⅠ吸收系统非常相似。发现了多组分结构的CⅣ吸收配合物，其速度分布扩展至〜600 km s〜（-1）。最宽泛的系统是由视线穿过沿着银河结构排列的原银河系群组成的，这些银河系群随着哈勃流扩展而延伸。典型的团块的半径约为5-10 kpc，重子质量约为太阳质量的10〜9，并且被半径约为30 kpc的热气体包围。相当一部分气体的温度不具有光电离平衡值。这会使从热平衡模型得出的密度和尺寸估计无效。我们的模型也许能够将高电离的多组分重元素吸收剂和阻尼的Lyα系统解释为小的原银河系团。
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