ISS crew evolution

摘要

The International Space Station represents a new era in human space flight. The Cosmonaut corps and the Astronaut corps of the previous Soviet-American era are now called Expeditions. I would like to tell you how we made this change. How Russian cosmonauts became members of US Space Shuttle Crews, for the first time on STS-60 in February 1994, and how we linked up in space through the Shuttle-Mir Phase One Program, not as a singular event, but as a sustained activity. Americans began to share some of our experiences and found out what it is like to fly on a Soyuz spacecraft, as Norm Thagard did in 1995 and American astronauts trained and became familiar with life on board our Mir space station. During Phase One the Shuttle docked to Mir nine times, the first time was June, 1995, STS-71. The main objectives for Shuttle-Mir were: 1. Learning to connect our hardware, safely. 2. Proving joint operations and training. 3. Learning to solve problems together. 4. Expanding science capability. 5. Improving our processes in preparation for the International Space Station.