Converting biomass waste into microporous carbon with simultaneously high surface area and carbon purity as advanced electrochemical energy storage materials

摘要

Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Microporous carbon (MPC) is prepared from biomass waste.•MPC possesses high surface area (2167m2g−1) and carbon purity (98.73at-%).•MPC based organic supercapacitor exhibits high operation voltage up to 3.0V.•MPC constructed organic supercapacitor delivers energy density of 50.95Whkg−1.•MPC is also a superior substrate for the growth of ultrafine SnO2nanocrystals.AbstractDeveloping carbon materials featuring both high accessible surface area and high structure stability are desirable to boost the performance of constructed electrochemical electrodes and devices. Herein, we report a new type of microporous carbon (MPC) derived from biomass waste based on a simple high-temperature chemical activation procedure. The optimized MPC-900 possesses microporous structure, high surface area, partially graphitic structure, and particularly low impurity content, which are critical features for enhancing carbon-based electrochemical process. The constructed MPC-900 symmetric supercapacitor exhibits high performances in commercial organic electrolyte such as widened voltage window up to 3V and thereby high energy/power densities (50.95Whkg−1at 0.44kWkg−1; 25.3Whkg−1at 21.5kWkg−1). Furthermore, a simple melt infiltration method has been employed to enclose SnO2nanocrystals onto the carbon matrix of MPC-900 as a high-performance lithium storage material. The obtained SnO2-MPC composite with ultrafine SnO2nanocrystals delivers high capacities (1115mAhg−1at 0.2A g−1; 402mAhg−1at 10Ag−1) and high-rate cycling lifespan of over 2000 cycles. This work not only develops a microporous carbon with high carbon purity and high surface area, but also provides a general platform for combining electrochemically active materials.