Automated Needle Trap Heart-Cut GC/MS and Needle Trap Comprehensive Two-Dimensional GC/TOF-MS for Breath Gas Analysis in the Clinical Environment

摘要

This study was intended to evaluate low-volume (20 mL)nmultibed needle trap (NTD) sampling combined withnheart-cut gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographytime-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS)nfor trace gas analysis under clinical conditions. NTDs,nhigh-throughput automatic desorption and separationnsystems, were tested in vitro and within a study in 11npatients undergoing cardiac surgery with respect to reproducibility,nreliability, and clinical applicability. NTDheart-ncut GC/MS analysis of standard mixtures containingndifferent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) yielded relativenstandard deviations (RSDs) from 4.0% to 18.5%.nSubstance adsorption was stable for 1 day if NTDs werenclosed on both ends and was stable for approximatelyn7.8 h when NTD tip ends had to be left open duringnautosampler storage. Even in the presence of high concentrationsnof contaminants linearity of heart-cut GC/MSnwas conserved. In patients’ breath potential biomarkersncould be determined even in the presence of very highnconcentrations of sevoflurane. Profiles of blood-bornenbiomarkers, intravenous drugs, and clinical contaminantsnwere characterized. Comprehensive GC × GC/TOF-MSnmay be used as a screening tool for new biomarkers, ifnpatterns are generated from deconvoluted normalizednareas. Needle trap sampling in combination with hyphenatednchromatographic techniques can thus be used tonprovide well-tailored solutions for complex problemsnoccurring in clinical breath analysis.