Drug Residuals: HOW XENOBIOTICS CAN AFFECT WATER SUPPLY SOURCES

摘要

A comprehensive look at the 50 highest-use pharmaceuticals by mass in australia demonstrated their presence in raw sewage, their distribution between solid and liquid phases in typical secondary sewage treatment, and concentrations either measured or predicted to occur in liquid and solid effluents. Previous research conducted over the past 10 years or so, summarized by Khan and Ongerth (2002), indicates the increasing frequency of finding a wide range of "xenobiotic" trace organic compound residuals in water. Included are a number of categories, prominently, endocrinologically active compounds termed "endocrine disruptors," pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) or drug residuals, and, more recently, personal care products. The principal source of many of these compounds has been identified as treated sewage discharges (Khan and Ongerth, 2004). Drug residuals have been reported widely in both surface water and groundwater (Koplin et al, 2002).