Trenchless technologies: Innovative solutions for water main renewal

摘要

There is a growing need for investment in the aging underground drinking water infrastructure in the United States, which has been estimated to cost as much as $1 trillion over the next 25 years (AWWA, 2012). This investment is needed to expand and renew the drinking water infrastructure, which is currently being replaced at a rate of about 0.5% (e.g., a 200-year life cycle) using pipes that are only designed to last between 50 and 100 years (AWWA, 1998).