An extensive body or research has consistently documented that women earn less than men in developed countries (Blau and Kahn 2017). A myriad of factors, such as gender differentials in occupation and industry, work force interruptions, job flexibility, and discrimination, have all been shown to contribute to this gap (Blau and Kahn 2017). Although the gender pay gap in developing countries is equally salient, the literature investigating its causes has, to date, been quite sparse (Weichselbaumer and Winter-Ebmer 2005).Owning a microenterprise is a common and growing form of employment in developing countries, particularly for women (Campos and Gassier 2017). While the majority of these micro-enterprises have low profits, enterprises owned by women consistently have even lower profits than those owned by men, creating a gender profit gap (Kevane and Wydick 2001). Little is known about the reasons for the gender profit gap. Industry and basic owner characteristics, such as marital status, experience, education, number of children, and average monthly hours worked, fail to explain the majority of the gender profit gap (Nix, Gamberoni, and Heath 2015). A growing body of experimental work has also shown financial and human capital interventions are not as beneficial for female owners as they are for male owners,suggesting that the barriers faced by women may be quite different than those faced by men (de Mel, McKenzie, and Woodruff 2009).
展开▼
机译：广泛的研究机构或研究不断证明，发达国家的女性收入低于男性（Blau和Kahn，2017年）。各种各样的因素，例如职业和行业中的性别差异，劳动力的中断，工作的灵活性以及歧视，都被证明是造成这一差距的原因（Blau and Kahn 2017）。尽管发展中国家的性别工资差距同样显着，但迄今为止，调查造成性别差距的原因的文献很少（Weichselbaumer和Winter-Ebmer 2005）。拥有微型企业是发展中国家普遍且不断增长的就业形式，尤其是女性（Campos and Gassier 2017）。尽管这些微型企业中的大多数利润较低，但妇女拥有的企业的利润始终低于男性拥有的企业，这造成了性别利润差距（Kevane and Wydick 2001）。对于性别利润差距的原因知之甚少。行业和基本所有人的特征，例如婚姻状况，经验，教育程度，子女人数以及平均每月工作时间，无法解释大多数性别利润差距（Nix，Gamberoni和Heath，2015年）。越来越多的实验工作也表明，财务和人力资本干预对女性所有者的益处不如对男性所有者的益处，这表明女性面临的障碍可能与男性面临的障碍完全不同（de Mel，McKenzie，和伍德拉夫（2009）。
展开▼
