Releasing Nanocapsules for High-Throughput Printing of Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

摘要

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising photovoltaic technologies due to their impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low-temperature fabrication process, while it is still challenging to print uniform perovskite film with high crystalline quality over a module size. Here, a printable and stable perovskite nanocapsules ink to realize the high-throughput printing of large-area, highly uniform perovskite films with micron grain size is reported. It is discovered that the releasing effect of these perovskite nanocapsules promotes homogeneous nucleation by diffusion-controlled growth due to the steady-state diffusion of the solute in solution. Remarkably, the printed PSCs and 25 cm(2) modules achieve power conversion efficiencies of 22.10% and 16.12%, respectively. They exhibit negligible efficiency loss after continuous operation for over 1000 h under AM1.5 illumination, and excellent thermal (85 degrees C) stability with over 87% of the initial efficiency after aging for 500 h. This perovskite nanocapsules ink is expected to facilitate the high-yield fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics.