Off the top of your head, not using a calculator: One billion seconds is equivalent to about how many years? Is it 480 years? 218 years? 106 years? 32 years? Mastering ideas about time and space isn't easy, especially for young students. Educators and researchers are struggling to help students understand the concepts of complex three-dimensional space and deep geological time - areas where competence is essential for a geologist. The Geological Society of America's "Earth and Mind II," published as GSA Special Paper 486 earlier this year, examines geoscience education and the concepts of time, space, systems and field.
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