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The persistence of pesticides in atmospheric particulate phase: An emerging air quality issue

机译:农药在大气颗粒相中的持久性:新出现的空气质量问题

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摘要

The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their physicochemical properties can be widely spread all over the globe; as such they represent a serious threat to both humans and wildlife. According to Stockholm convention out of 24 officially recognized POPs, 16 are pesticides. The atmospheric life times of pesticides, up to now were estimated based on their gas-phase reactivity. It has been only speculated that sorption to aerosol particles may increase significantly the half‐lives of pesticides in the atmosphere. The results presented here challenge the current view of the half-lives of pesticides in the lower boundary layer of the atmosphere and their impact on air quality and human health. We demonstrate that semivolatile pesticides which are mostly adsorbed on atmospheric aerosol particles are very persistent with respect to the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH) that is the self-cleaning agent of the atmosphere. The half-lives in particulate phase of difenoconazole, tetraconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, deltamethrin, cyprodinil, permethrin, and pendimethalin are in order of several days and even higher than one month, implying that these pesticides can be transported over long distances, reaching the remote regions all over the world; hence these pesticides shall be further evaluated prior to be confirmed as POPs.
机译:持久性有机污染物(POPs)由于其物理化学性质,可以在全球范围内广泛传播;因此,它们对人类和野生生物均构成了严重威胁。根据斯德哥尔摩公约,在24种官方认可的持久性有机污染物中,有16种是农药。到目前为止,根据其气相反应性估算了农药在大气中的寿命。仅据推测,对气溶胶颗粒的吸附可能会显着增加农药在大气中的半衰期。此处提出的结果挑战了目前农药在大气下边界层的半衰期及其对空气质量和人体健康的影响的观点。我们证明,相对于作为大气层自清洁剂的高反应性羟基自由基(OH),主要吸附在大气气溶胶颗粒上的半挥发性农药非常持久。苯乙康唑,四康唑,氟虫腈,草二氮杂,溴氰菊酯,环丙啶,苄氯菊酯和二甲戊乐灵颗粒相的半衰期为数天,甚至超过一个月,这意味着这些农药可以长距离运输,达到世界各地的偏远地区;因此,在确认为持久性有机污染物之前,应对这些农药进行进一步评估。

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