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The effect of competition on discrimination in online markets—Anonymity and selection

机译:竞争对在线市场歧视的影响-匿名与选择

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摘要

Empirical studies show that discrimination by identity found in offline markets also prevails online. This paper reveal that in a competitive market, buyers that intend to discriminate exist but they are prevented from influencing the market outcome. To this end, we construct a field experiment on eBay, where half of the sellers disclose their names in their usernames while the other half do not. eBay, however, automatically discloses the seller’s names to the buyer after the auction. In the anonymous auctions, winning bidders thus learn the identity of the seller after the auction ends, and here we find buyers to discriminate against sellers with foreign-sounding names by leaving them feedback less often. However, there is no such discrimination in feedback provision when the seller name was known to the buyer before the auction. When bidders know the names of the sellers, the bidders with animus towards individuals with specific names can select out of auctions from these sellers, leaving winners that do not discriminate. One would expect that the auctions of for example sellers with foreign-sounding names would receive fewer bidders and thus lower auction prices. However, we observe no such differences: there are no statistically significant differences in the number of bids or auction prices received by sellers with foreign or domestic sounding names.
机译:实证研究表明,在线下市场发现的基于身份的歧视也普遍存在。本文揭示了在竞争激烈的市场中,有意进行区分的购买者存在,但阻止了他们影响市场结果。为此,我们在eBay上进行了一项现场实验,其中一半的卖家在用户名中公开了自己的姓名,而另一半则没有。但是,eBay会在拍卖后自动向买方披露卖方的姓名。在匿名拍卖中,中标人因此在拍卖结束后了解了卖方的身份,在这里,我们发现买方通过减少反馈的频率来区别具有外国名字的卖方。但是,当拍卖前买方知道卖方的名称时,反馈规定中就没有这种歧视。当投标人知道卖方的名称时,对具有特定名称的个人有敌意的投标人可以从这些卖方中选择竞价,而不会区分中标者。人们会期望,例如拍卖具有外国名字的卖家,将收到较少的竞标者,从而降低拍卖价格。但是,我们没有观察到这样的差异:具有外国或国内冠名的卖方收到的出价或拍卖价格在统计上没有显着差异。

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