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Relationships between feeding and microbial faeces indices in dairy cows at different milk yield levels

机译:不同产奶量的奶牛饲喂量与微生物粪便指数的关系

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摘要

A study was carried out to gain quantitative information on the diet-dependent faecal microbial biomass of dairy cows, especially on the biomass fractions of fungi, Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria. Groups of high-yield, low-yield and non-lactating cows were investigated at four different farms. A mean faecal microbial biomass C (MBC) concentration of 33.5 mg g-1 DM was obtained by the chloroform fumigation extraction method. This is similar to a mean microbial C concentration of 31.8 mg g-1 DM, which is the sum of bacterial C and fungal C, estimated by cell-wall derived muramic acid (MurN) and fungal glucosamine (GlcN), respectively. However, the response of these two approaches to the feeding regime was contradictory, due to feeding effects on the conversion values. The higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations in the non-lactating group led to higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of cellulose and lignin in their faeces in comparison with the lactating cows. This change in faecal chemical composition in the non-lactating group was accompanied by usually higher ratios of G+/G- phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), ergosterol/MBC and fungal C/bacterial C. Although bacteria dominate the faecal microbial biomass, fungi contribute a considerable mean percentage of roughly 20% to the faecal microbiome, according to PLFA and amino sugar data, which requires more attention in the future. Near-infra red spectroscopic estimates of organic N and C fractions of cow faeces were able to model microbial biomarkers successfully, which might be useful in the future to predict its N2O emission potential and fertilizer value.
机译:进行了一项研究,以获取有关奶牛饮食依赖的粪便微生物生物量的定量信息,尤其是真菌,革兰氏阳性(G +)和革兰氏阴性(G-)细菌的生物量部分。在四个不同的农场调查了高产,低产和非泌乳母牛群。通过氯仿熏蒸法获得的粪便微生物生物量碳(MBC)平均浓度为33.5 mg g -1 DM。这类似于31.8 mg g -1 DM的平均微生物C浓度,它是细菌C和真菌C的总和,由细胞壁衍生的山梨酸(MurN)和真菌葡糖胺( GlcN)。然而,由于进料对转化值的影响,这两种方法对进料方式的反应是矛盾的。与哺乳母牛相比,非哺乳组中较高的中性洗涤剂纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤剂纤维(ADF)浓度导致其粪便中的纤维素和木质素浓度更高(P <0.05)。非泌乳组粪便化学组成的变化通常伴随着更高比例的G + / G-磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA),麦角固醇/ MBC和真菌C /细菌C。尽管细菌在粪便微生物生物量中占主导地位,根据PLFA和氨基糖数据,粪便微生物组的平均百分数约为20%,这在将来需要更多关注。牛粪中有机氮和碳组分的近红外光谱估计能够成功地建立微生物生物标志物的模型,这可能在将来用于预测其N2O排放潜力和肥料价值。

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