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  • 刊频： Quarterly
  • NLM标题： J Hist Med Allied Sci
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  • 1.

    【2hr】Michael Alberti and the Medical Therapy of the Internal Senses

    包量

    机译 迈克尔·阿尔贝蒂（Michael Alberti）和内在感官的医学疗法
    • 作者：Andreas Rydberg
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：In the first half of the eighteenth century, the German physician Michael Alberti was responsible for hundreds of dissertations and other works in medicine. While the bulk of the production reflected the dominating medical topics of his time, he also developed an original focus on the internal senses and their effects on bodily health and disease. Depending on whether internal senses, such as imagination and memory, were cultivated in the right way or not, they could work as powerful remedies or as equally powerful triggers of disease and even death. This article explores this little known strand of early modern medicine in three steps. First, it shows that Alberti’s medicine took form in intimate connection to the Stahlian brand of Pietist medicine. As such, it further elaborated an existing strand of medicine that was intimately connected to German Pietism. Second, it analyses in some detail the role of the internal senses from a pathological and therapeutic perspective as well as examining what kind of persona the physician ought to embody. Lastly, it raises larger questions regarding how to understand this strand of early modern medicine. Rather than approaching it from the perspective of disciplinary history, the article seeks to reconstruct it as a part of what has sometimes been referred to as the early modern cultura animi tradition.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Comparative Neuropathology (1962): Attending to Neuropathologies Across Multiple Species

    包量

    机译 比较神经病理学（1962）：跨多种物种的神经病理学
    • 作者：Anna Kathryn Schoefert
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第2期
    摘要：This paper takes as its subject Comparative Neuropathology (1962), arguing that the volume illustrates the interlocking cultures of veterinary medicine, human medicine, and laboratory-based biological sciences after the Second World War. The project amassed cases of domestic, experimental, and wild animals, identified species-specific conditions, and evaluated the vulnerabilities of the nervous system to disease and trauma. The collection of ill ruminants, poisoned cats, and injured dogs built on earlier traditions of comparative medicine, but also reflected the turn to biological principles to explain medical conditions, increased industry and military funding for the biomedical sciences, and changes in veterinary practice. Using Comparative Neuropathology as a lens, this paper probes the actors, affiliations, and frameworks that wrestled with new species of neurological patients, newly exposed vulnerabilities of the nervous system, and the emergence of new neurological sciences, casting new light on the heterogenous landscape of the emergent neurosciences and mid-twentieth-century efforts to entwine human and veterinary medicine.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Between Bench and Bedside: Building Clinical Consensus at the NIH 1977–2013

    包量

    机译 在工作台和床头之间：建立美国国立卫生研究院的临床共识1977–2013年
    • 作者：Todd M Olszewski
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第4期
    摘要：After World War II, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) emerged as a major patron of biomedical research. In the succeeding decades, NIH administrators sought to determine how best to disseminate the findings of the research it supported and manage their relationship with clinicians in the national community. This task of bridging research and practice fell to the Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR), which administered the NIH Consensus Development Program (CDP) between 1978 and 2012. This article argues that the CDP represented an unusual attempt to depoliticize biomedical research and medical practice at a particularly controversial time in American medicine. Throughout the program’s existence, administrators sought ways to bring new knowledge to the medical community without creating the appearance of regulating clinical practice. For an agency with a mandate to promote the production of new biomedical knowledge, the question remained open as to how far this responsibility extended from the bench to the bedside. In striking this balance, the leadership sought to refine their understanding of the role and mission of the NIH. The history of the CDP has much to tell us about postwar biomedical research, health politics, and the institutional development of the NIH.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Waging War on Mosquitoes: Scientific Research and the Formation of Mosquito Brigades in French West Africa 1899–1920

    包量

    机译 对蚊子发动战争：1899–1920年法国西非的科学研究与蚊子旅的形成
    • 作者：Christian Strother
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第4期
    摘要：While the majority of colonial public health officials in Africa intermittently used measures for mosquito containment, the government of French West Africa made the creation of what were called mosquito brigades into a vital element of urban sanitary policy. The project seemed to offer a chance to curb the impact of mosquito-borne disease on the colonial economy. Yet, despite the full support of sanitary policy on the federal, colonial, and local levels, the government found that conducting a “War on Mosquitoes” was far more difficult than they originally envisioned. The colonial government's mosquito brigades were understaffed and often ran into resistance from both the African and European populations. Above all, the government's urban mosquito control programs failed because their goal of controlling the breeding of mosquitoes lay beyond the limited capabilities of the both local government and the Federation's health and sanitation services. This paper will examine the origins and fate of the French West African mosquito brigades and provide a context for analyzing their atypical place among colonial efforts at malaria prevention.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Michael Stolberg. Uroscopy in Early Modern Europe

    包量

    机译 迈克尔·斯托伯格。近代欧洲的泌尿外科
    • 作者：Peter J. Smith
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：
  • 6.

    【2hr】Tamara Giles-Vernick L. A. James and J. R. Webb eds. Global Health in Africa: Historical Perspectives on Disease ControlRuth J. Prince and Rebecca Marsland eds. Making and Unmaking Public Health in Africa: Ethnographic and Historical PerspectivesWenzel Geissler ed. Para-States and Medical Science: Making African Global Health

    包量

    机译 Tamara Giles-VernickL。A. James和J. R. Webb编辑。非洲的全球卫生：疾病控制的历史观点Ruth J. Prince和Rebecca Marsland编辑。非洲的造与非造公共卫生：人种学和历史观点温泽尔·盖斯勒（Wenzel Geissler）编辑。准州与医学：使非洲全球健康
    • 作者：Kalala Ngalamulume
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：
  • 7.

    【2hr】The Microscope against Cell Theory: Cancer Research in Nineteenth-Century Parisian Anatomical Pathology

    包量

    机译 对抗细胞理论的显微镜：19世纪巴黎解剖病理学中的癌症研究
    • 作者：Laurent Loison
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：This paper examines the reception of cell theory in the field of French anatomical pathology. This reception is studied under the lens of the concept of the cancer cell, which was developed in Paris in the 1840s. In the medical field, cell theory was quickly accessible, understood, and discussed. In the wake of research by Hermann Lebert, the cancer cell concept was supported by a wealth of high-quality microscopic observations. The concept was constructed in opposition to cell theory, which appears retrospectively paradoxical and surprising. Indeed, the biological atomism inherent in cell theory, according to which the cell is the elementary unit of all organs of living bodies, appeared at the time incompatible with the possible existence of pathological cells without equivalent in healthy tissues. Thus, the postulate of atomism was used as an argument by Parisian clinicians who denied the value of the cancer cell. This study shows that at least in the field of anatomical pathology, cell theory did not directly result from the use of the microscope but was actually hindered by it.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Diane Kiesel. She Can Bring Us Home: Dr. Dorothy Boulding Ferebee Civil Rights Pioneer

    包量

    机译 黛安·凯塞尔（Diane Kiesel）。她可以带我们回家：民权先锋Dorothy Boulding Ferebee博士
    • 作者：Susan L. Smith
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：
  • 9.

    【2hr】Bridie Andrews. The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine 1850–1960Sean Hsiang-lin Lei. Neither Donkey nor Horse: Medicine in the Struggle over Chinas Modernity

    包量

    机译 布里迪·安德鲁斯。 1830-1960年的现代中医药学研究。驴与马：中国现代斗争中的医学
    • 作者：Howard Chiang
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：
  • 10.

    【2hr】S. D. Lamb. Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry

    包量

    机译 S.D.羔羊精神病理学家：阿道夫·迈耶与美国精神病学的起源
    • 作者：Susan Lanzoni
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：
  • 11.

    【2hr】Blood Trials: Transfusions Injections and Experiments in Africa 1890–1920

    包量

    机译 血液试验：1890–1920年在非洲进行的输血注射和实验
    • 作者：Thaddeus Sunseri
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：From about 1880 to 1920, a culture of medical experimentation promoted blood transfusion as a therapy for severe anemia in Europe, which was applied in German East Africa in 1892 for a case of blackwater fever, a complication of malaria afflicting mainly Europeans. This first case of blood transfusion in Africa, in which an African's blood was transfused into a German official, complicates the dominant narrative that blood transfusions in Africa came only after World War I. Medical researchers moreover experimented with blood serum therapies on human and animal subjects in Europe and Africa, injecting blood of different species, “races” and ethnicities into others to demonstrate parasite transmissibility and to discover vaccines for diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, and yellow fever. While research in German colonies is highlighted here, this was a transnational medical culture that crossed borders and oceans. This research is of interest as a possible early pathway for the epidemic spread of HIV and other zoonoses in Africa and the world, which biomedical researchers have identified as emerging in West-Central Africa sometime around the turn of the twentieth century.
  • 12.

    【2hr】The Lock and Key of Medicine: Monoclonal Antibodies and the Transformation of Healthcare

    包量

    机译 医学的锁与钥匙：单克隆抗体与医疗保健的变革
    • 作者：Scott H. Podolsky
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第2期
    摘要：
  • 13.

    【2hr】Embryos under the Microscope: The Diverging Meanings of Life

    包量

    机译 显微镜下的胚胎：生命的不同意义
    • 作者：Nick Hopwood
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第2期
    摘要：
  • 14.

    【2hr】A Disorder of Qi: Breathing Exercise as a Cure for Neurasthenia in Japan 1900–1945

    包量

    机译 气虚：呼吸运动作为治愈神经衰弱的方法1900-1945年日本
    • 作者：Yu-Chuan Wu
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：Neurasthenia became a common disease and caused widespread concern in Japan at the turn of the twentieth century, whereas only a couple of decades earlier the term “nerve” had been unfamiliar, if not unknown, to many Japanese. By exploring the theories and practices of breathing exercise—one of the most popular treatments for neurasthenia at the time—this paper attempts to understand how people who practiced breathing exercises for their nervous ills perceived, conceived, and accordingly cared for their nerves. It argues that they understood “nerve” based on their existing conceptions of qi. Neurasthenia was for them a disorder of qi, although the qi had assumed modern appearances as blood and nervous current. The paper hopes to contribute to the understanding of how the concept of nerves has been accepted and assimilated in East Asia. It also points out the need to understand the varied cultures of nerves not only at the level of concept and metaphor, but also at the level of perception and experience.
  • 15.

    【2hr】The Lourdes Medical Cures Revisited

    包量

    机译 再谈卢尔德医学治愈
    摘要：This article examines the cures recorded in Lourdes, France, between 1858, the year of the Visions, and 1976, the date of the last certified cure of the twentieth century. Initially, the records of cures were crude or nonexistent, and allegations of cures were accepted without question. A Medical Bureau was established in 1883 to examine and certify the cures, and the medical methodology improved steadily in the subsequent years. We discuss the clinical criteria of the cures and the reliability of medical records. Some 1,200 cures were said to have been observed between 1858 and 1889, and about one hundred more each year during the “Golden Age” of Lourdes, 1890–1914. We studied 411 patients cured in 1909–14 and thoroughly reviewed the twenty-five cures acknowledged between 1947 and 1976. No cure has been certified from 1976 through 2006. The Lourdes phenomenon, extraordinary in many respects, still awaits scientific explanation. Lourdes concerns science as well as religion.
  • 16.

    【2hr】German Battle Casualties: The Treatment of Functional Somatic Disorders during World War I

    包量

    机译 德国战役伤亡：第一次世界大战期间机能性躯体疾病的治疗
    摘要：World War I witnessed the admission of large numbers of German soldiers with neurological symptoms for which there was no obvious organic cause. This posed a considerable challenge for the military and medical authorities and resulted in an active discussion on the etiology and treatment of these disorders. Current historiography is reliant on published physician accounts, and this represents the first study of treatment approaches based on original case notes. We analyzed patient records from two leading departments of academic psychiatry in Germany, those at Berlin and Jena, in conjunction with the contemporaneous medical literature. Treatment, which can be broadly classified into reward and punishment, suggestion, affective shock, cognitive learning, and physiological methods, was developed in the context of the emerging fields of animal learning and neurophysiology. A further innovative feature was the use of quantitative methods to assess outcomes. These measures showed good response rates, though most cured patients were not sent back to battle because of their presumed psychopathic constitution. While some treatments appear unnecessarily harsh from today's perspective and were also criticized by leading psychiatrists of the time, the concentration of effort and involvement of so many senior doctors led to the development of psychotherapeutic methods that were to influence the field of psychiatric therapy for decades to come.
  • 17.

    【2hr】The First Lady Almoner: The Appointment Position and Findings of Miss Mary Stewart at the Royal Free Hospital 1895–99

    包量

    机译 第一夫人阿尔莫纳：1895-99年在皇家免费医院接受玛丽·斯图尔特小姐的任命职位和调查结果
    • 作者：Lynsey T. Cullen
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第4期
    摘要：This article examines the professional roots of the hospital almoner, a position which has been widely neglected in medical history. The first almoner was Miss Mary Stewart, a former Charity Organization Society employee, appointed at the Royal Free Hospital of central London in 1895. The Royal Free was a charitable hospital which offered free medical treatment to patients considered morally deserving but unable to afford medical care elsewhere. The role expected of Stewart was to means test patients in order to ensure that only those deemed “appropriate” received free medical treatment, and to establish the extent to which the hospital was being abused by those who could afford to contribute toward their medical care. While in office, Stewart continually reshaped the role of almoner. She fashioned the position into that of a medical social worker and undertook such duties as referring patients to other means of medical and charitable assistance, visiting patients' homes, and training almoners for positions at other voluntary hospitals. Through the examination of Mary Stewart's Almoners Report Book, this article considers the circumstances of her appointment, the role she performed, and the findings of her investigations.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Expanding Womens Rural Medical Work in Early Modern Brittany: The Daughters of the Holy Spirit

    包量

    机译 在现代布列塔尼早期扩大妇女的农村医疗工作：圣灵的女儿
    • 作者：Tim McHugh
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：During the eighteenth century, orders of nursing sisters took on an expanded role in the rural areas of Brittany. This article explores the impact of religious change on the medical activities of these women. While limits were placed on the medical practice of unlicensed individuals, areas of new opportunity for nuns as charitable practitioners were created by devout nobles throughout the eighteenth century. These nuns provided comprehensive care for the sick poor on their patrons' estates, acting not only as nurses, but also in lieu of physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries. This article argues that the medical knowledge and expertise of these sisters from the nursing orders were highly valued by the elites of early modern Brittany.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Scientific Research and Corporate Influence: Smoking Mental Illness and the Tobacco Industry

    包量

    机译 科学研究和企业影响力：吸烟精神疾病和烟草业
    • 作者：Laura Hirshbein
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第3期
    摘要：Mentally ill individuals have always smoked at high rates and continue to do so, despite public health efforts to encourage smoking cessation. In the last half century, the tobacco industry became interested in this connection, and conducted and supported psychiatric and basic science research on the mental health implications of smoking, long before most mental health professionals outside the industry investigated this issue. Initially, representatives of tobacco industry research organizations supported genetics and psychosomatic research to try to disprove findings that smoking causes lung cancer. Tobacco industry research leaders engaged with investigators because of shared priorities and interests in the brain effects of nicotine. By the 1980s, collaborative funding programs and individual company research and development teams engaged in intramural and extramural basic science studies on the neuropharmacology of nicotine. When mental health researchers outside the industry became interested in the issue of the mentally ill and smoking in the mid-1990s, they increasingly explained it in terms of a disease of nicotine addiction. Both the idea that smokingicotine does something positive for the mentally ill and the conclusion that it is the result of nicotine dependence have the potential to support corporate agendas (tobacco or pharmaceutical).
  • 20.

    【2hr】Confinement of the Higher Orders: The Social Role of Private Lunatic Asylums in Ireland c. 1820–60

    包量

    机译 上级限制：爱尔兰私人疯人院的社会角色c。 1820–60
    • 作者：Alice Mauger
    • 刊名：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
    • -1年第2期
    摘要：The period 1820–60 marked an era of transition and diversity in Ireland that rapidly transformed the face of Irish society. Inextricably linked with these processes was the expansion of Ireland's private asylum system. This system diverged from its British counterpart both in the socioeconomic cohort it served and in the role it played within the mental health-care system as a whole. The implementation of the 1842 Private Asylums (Ireland) Act, the first legislative measure geared exclusively toward the system, highlighted the growing importance of private care in Ireland as well as providing for the licensing and regulation of these institutions for the first time. To date, historians of Irish medicine have focused almost exclusively on the pauper insane. This article aims to shift this emphasis toward other categories of the Irish insane through exploration of the Irish private asylum system, its growth throughout the period, and the social profile of private patients. I shall also interrogate the trade in lunacy model through exploration of financial considerations, discharge and recovery rates, and conditions of care and argue that while Irish private institutions were a lucrative business venture, the quality of care upheld was apparently high. Finally, I shall argue that Irish private asylums catered primarily for the upper classes and briefly explore alternative provisional measures for other non-pauper sectors of society.
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