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共621条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Transcatheter Renal Interventions: A Review of Established and Emerging Procedures

    包量

    机译 经导管肾干预：既有和新兴程序的回顾
    摘要：Catheter-based interventions play an important role in the multidisciplinary management of renal pathology. The array of procedures available to interventional radiologists (IRs) includes established techniques such as angioplasty, stenting, embolization, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy for treatment of renovascular disease, as well as embolization of renal neoplasms and emerging therapies such as transcatheter renal artery sympathectomy for treatment of resistant hypertension. Here, we present an overview of these minimally invasive therapies, with an emphasis on interventional technique and clinical outcomes of the procedure.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Vascular Access for Placement of Tunneled Dialysis Catheters for Hemodialysis: A Systematic Approach and Clinical Practice Algorithm

    包量

    机译 放置血液透析隧道导管的血管通路：一种系统方法和临床实践算法
    摘要：The role of interventional radiology in the overall management of patients on dialysis continues to expand. In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the use of tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) for hemodialysis has become an integral component of treatment plans. Unfortunately, long-term use of TDCs often leads to infections, acute occlusions, and chronic venous stenosis, depletion of the patient's conventional access routes, and prevention of their recanalization. In such situations, the progressive loss of venous access sites prompts a systematic approach to alternative sites to maximize patient survival and minimize complications. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each vascular access option. We illustrate the procedures with case histories and images from our own experience at a highly active dialysis and transplant center. We rank each vascular access option and classify them into tiers based on their relative degrees of effectiveness. The conventional approaches are the most preferred, followed by alternative approaches and finally the salvage approaches. It is our intent to have this review serve as a concise and informative reference for physicians managing patients who need vascular access for hemodialysis.
  • 3.

    【2hr】The Global Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Epidemic: What a Radiologist Needs to Know

    包量

    机译 全球非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的流行：放射科医生需要知道什么
    摘要：Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disorders from a benign steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metabolic syndrome, mainly obesity, plays an important role, both as an independent risk factor and in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. With the progressive epidemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD and its associated complications is expected to increase dramatically. Therapeutic strategies for treating NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity, are continuously being refined. Their goal is the prevention of NAFLD by the management of risk factors, prevention of progression of the disease, as well as management of complications, ultimately preventing morbidity and mortality. Optimal management of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome requires a multidisciplinary collaboration between the government as well as the health system including the nutritionist, primary care physician, radiologist, hepatologist, oncologist, and transplant surgeon. An awareness of the clinical presentation, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management is of paramount importance to a radiologist, both from the clinical perspective as well as from the imaging standpoint. With expertise in imaging modalities as well as minimally invasive percutaneous endovascular therapies, radiologists play an essential role in the comprehensive management, which is highlighted in this article, with cases from our practice. We also briefly discuss transarterial embolization of the left gastric artery (LGA), a novel method that promises to have an enormous potential in the minimally invasive management of obesity, with details of a case from our practice.
  • 4.

    【2hr】The Dens: Normal Development, Developmental Variants and Anomalies, and Traumatic Injuries

    包量

    机译 巢穴：正常发育，发育变异和异常以及外伤
    摘要：Accurate interpretation of cervical spine imagining can be challenging, especially in children and the elderly. The biomechanics of the developing pediatric spine and age-related degenerative changes predispose these patient populations to injuries centered at the craniocervical junction. In addition, congenital anomalies are common in this region, especially those associated with the axis/dens, due to its complexity in terms of development compared to other vertebral levels. The most common congenital variations of the dens include the os odontoideum and a persistent ossiculum terminale. At times, it is necessary to distinguish normal development, developmental variants, and developmental anomalies from traumatic injuries in the setting of acute traumatic injury. Key imaging features are useful to differentiate between traumatic fractures and normal or variant anatomy acutely; however, the radiologist must first have a basic understanding of the spectrum of normal developmental anatomy and its anatomic variations in order to make an accurate assessment. This review article attempts to provide the basic framework required for accurate interpretation of cervical spine imaging with a focus on the dens, specifically covering the normal development and ossification of the dens, common congenital variants and their various imaging appearances, fracture classifications, imaging appearances, and treatment options.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Identification of Cardiac and Aortic Injuries in Trauma with Multi-detector Computed Tomography

    包量

    机译 用多探测器计算机断层扫描技术鉴定创伤中的心脏和主动脉损伤
    摘要：Blunt and penetrating cardiovascular (CV) injuries are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Rapid detection of these injuries in trauma is critical for patient survival. The advent of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) has led to increased detection of CV injuries during rapid comprehensive scanning of stabilized major trauma patients. MDCT has the ability to acquire images with a higher temporal and spatial resolution, as well as the capability to create multiplanar reformats. This pictorial review illustrates several common and life-threatening traumatic CV injuries from a regional trauma center.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Traumatic Extra-capsular and Intra-capsular Floating Fat: Fat-fluid Levels of the Knee Revisited

    包量

    机译 外伤性囊外和囊内漂浮脂肪：膝关节脂肪液水平的再研究
    摘要：Floating fat is a sign of acute bone injury at the knee following trauma. The goal of this article is to review the etiology, patterns, and mimickers of extra-capsular and intra-capsular floating fat, with the major emphasis on knee trauma in the acute setting. We will discuss the spectrum of multimodal imaging findings for rare presentations of extra-capsular floating fat, and contrast these with common and atypical forms of intra-capsular lipohemarthrosis, as an aid to the assessment of acute bone trauma at the knee.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Congenital Absence of the Right Pericardium: Embryology and Imaging

    包量

    机译 右心包先天性缺失：胚胎学和影像学
    摘要：Though congenital pericardial absence is often asymptomatic, complications can be life threatening. To date, few short case reports, primarily from the pre-CT and MR era, describe congenital absence of the right pericardium. We present a more comprehensive discussion of the embryologic derangements causing such defects and offer an up-to-date review of characteristic radiologic findings. Recognition of characteristic imaging findings of congenital pericardial absence is crucial in guiding diagnosis and management.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Incidentally Detected Mediastinal Vascular Anatomical Variants on PET-CT: A Pictorial Essay

    包量

    机译 PET-CT上偶然发现的纵隔血管解剖学变异：图片文
    摘要：Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET–CT) is an integral part of oncology practice in the current-day scenario. The hybrid anatomical and metabolic imaging information in this imaging modality provides access to a wealth of incidental findings which can have implications in the management of the patient, especially when surgical options are being considered. In this pictorial essay, we present incidentally detected mediastinal vascular anomalies on PET–CT, along with a review of associated literature.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Cross-sectional Imaging Features of Primary Retroperitoneal Tumors and Their Subsequent Treatment

    包量

    机译 原发性腹膜后肿瘤的横截面影像特征及其后续治疗
    摘要：Basically malignant tumors in the retroperitoneal region arise from a heterogeneous group of tissues: mesodermal, neurogenic, germ cell, and lymphoid. Although rare, benign tumors and cystic masses can be also encountered in retroperitoneal space. Developments in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have contributed to both diagnosis and staging of the retroperitoneal tumors. High spatial resolution and superiority in calcification make CT indispensable; on the other hand, MRI has a better soft-tissue contrast resolution which is essential for the assessment of vascular invasion and tissue characterization. The aim of this article is to review the CT and MRI features of retroperitoneal tumors and their subsequent management.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Unusual Benign Tumors of the Breast

    包量

    机译 乳房异常良性肿瘤
    摘要：The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging characteristics of a variety of benign breast tumors that may be encountered in daily practice, in order to formulate an appropriate differential diagnosis and to establish concordance between the imaging and the pathologic findings, and to assist the clinician with appropriate management.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Assessment of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review

    包量

    机译 使用心血管磁共振成像评估缺血性心肌病：画报审查。
    摘要：Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In the last two decades, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) has emerged as the primary imaging tool in the detection and prognostic assessment of ischemic heart disease. In a single study, CMRI allows evaluation of not only myocardial wall perfusion, but also the presence, acuity, and extent of myocardial ischemia and infarction complications. Also, rest and stress perfusion imaging can accurately depict inducible ischemia secondary to significant coronary artery stenosis. We present a pictorial review of the assessment of ischemic cardiomyopathy with an emphasis on CMRI features.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies: A Pictorial Essay

    包量

    机译 非缺血性心肌病的磁共振成像：绘画散文。
    摘要：Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies are defined as either primary or secondary diseases of the myocardium resulting in cardiac dysfunction. While primary cardiomyopathies are confined to the heart and can be genetic or acquired, secondary cardiomyopathies show involvement of the heart as a manifestation of an underlying systemic disease including metabolic, inflammatory, granulomatous, infectious, or autoimmune entities. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies are currently classified as hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, or unclassifiable, including left ventricular non-compaction. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) not only has the capability to assess cardiac morphology and function, but also the ability to detect edema, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and intramyocardial deposits, providing a valuable imaging tool in the characterization of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. This pictorial essay shows some of the most important non-ischemic cardiomyopathies with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging features.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Back to Basics – ‘Must Know’ Classical Signs in Thoracic Radiology

    包量

    机译 回归基础–胸腔放射学中的“必知”经典体征
    摘要：There are a few signs in radiology which are based on many common objects or patterns that we come across in our routine lives. The objective behind the association between such common objects and the corresponding pathologies is to make the reader understand and remember the disease process. These signs do not necessarily indicate a particular disease, but are usually suggestive of a group of similar pathologies which will facilitate in the narrowing down of the differential diagnosis. These signs can be seen in different imaging modalities like plain radiograph and computed tomography. In this essay, we describe 24 classical radiological signs used in chest imaging, which would be extremely helpful in routine clinical practice not only for radiologists but also for chest physicians and cardiothoracic surgeons.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Rare Malignant Tumors of the Breast

    包量

    机译 罕见的乳腺恶性肿瘤
    摘要：While the more common forms of breast cancer are well understood and recognized, there are many important rare malignancies that are less appreciated. Many of these cancers have imaging findings that, when understood, help to formulate a more educated differential diagnosis. In this article, the clinical features, imaging, and pathologic findings of rare breast malignancies will be discussed.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Gastroesophageal Variceal Filling and Drainage Pathways: An Angiographic Description of Afferent and Efferent Venous Anatomic Patterns

    包量

    机译 胃食管静脉曲张充盈和引流途径：传入和传出静脉解剖模式的血管造影说明
    摘要：Varices commonly occur in liver cirrhosis patients and are classified as esophageal (EV), gastroesophageal (GEV), or isolated gastric (IGV) varices. These vessels may be supplied and drained by several different afferent and efferent pathways. A working knowledge of variceal anatomy is imperative for Interventional Radiologists performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and embolization/obliteration procedures. This pictorial essay characterizes the angiographic anatomy of varices in terms of type and frequency of venous filling and drainage, showing that different varices have distinct vascular anatomy. EVs typically show left gastric vein filling and “uphill” drainage, and GEVs and IGVs exhibit additional posterior/short gastric vein contribution and “downhill” outflow. An understanding of these variceal filling and drainage pathways can facilitate successful portal decompression and embolization/obliteration procedures.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Malignant Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Leg: A Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation and Review of the Literature

    包量

    机译 腿恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤的放射病理相关性及文献复习
    摘要：Malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare clinical entity that can arise as a recurrent lesion or can co-exist with a benign TGCT lesion. Malignant TGCT most commonly arises in the lower extremity and tends to be clinically aggressive, with most patients developing recurrent lesions or dying. Much of the literature describes the histopathologic features and classifies this broad group of tumors, with little description of the imaging characteristics of this disease. We present the multimodality appearance of a case of malignant diffuse-type TGCT that recurred 2 months after resection with subsequent rapid clinical progression.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Myths about Publishing in an Open Access Journal

    包量

    机译 关于在开放存取期刊上发表的神话
    • 作者：Vikram Dogra
    • 刊名：Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
    • 2015年第期
    摘要：
  • 18.

    【2hr】Cerebral Blastomycosis: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Solitary CNS Blastomycosis Mass-Like Infection

    包量

    机译 脑芽孢杆菌病：单独的中枢神经系统芽孢杆菌病大规模感染的放射学-病理学相关性。
    摘要：Blastomycosis is a fungal infection rarely seen in clinical practice. Endemic to the Midwestern United States as well as the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, Blastomyces dermatitidis characteristically involves the skin and lungs. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, although a rare complication of this disease, can be fatal. The current literature on CNS blastomycosis primarily centers on the spectrum of traditional imaging features of T1- and T2-weighted imaging with which this entity can present. However, here we present the direct histopathologic correlation of the imaging findings of solitary mass like CNS blastomycosis, with an emphasis on the association of diffusion restriction within the lesion with a granulomatous immune response.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Clinical, Radiologic, and Histologic Correlation

    包量

    机译 肺肿瘤血栓性微血管病：临床，放射学和组织学相关性
    摘要：Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a clinicopathologic disease entity in which the tumor cells embolize to the pulmonary vasculature leading to a series of maladaptive reactions including the activation of coagulation and fibrocellular intimal thickening. The resultant stenosis of blood vessels leads to pulmonary hypertension and eventual death from cor pulmonale. In this report, we present a case of PTTM presenting as the initial manifestation of metastatic gastric carcinoma in a young man. Although unusual in its occurrence as the initial manifestation of gastric carcinoma, the case is illustrative in its clinical, radiological and histological presentation.
  • 20.

    【2hr】A Case of Secondary Angiosarcoma of the Breast after Breast-conserving Surgery and Radiation: Review of Radiologic and Pathologic Findings

    包量

    机译 保乳手术及放疗后继发性乳腺继发性血管肉瘤1例：影像及病理结果回顾
    摘要：Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. It can present as a palpable mass or subtle erythematous lesion, depending on the predisposing clinical factors. Erythematous skin lesions may be confused for a benign process, which may lead to a delay in diagnosis. We present a case of an 80-year-old woman who developed secondary angiosarcoma after undergoing breast-conserving therapy for Stage IA breast cancer. In this article, we review our experience with a case of secondary angiosarcoma of the breast and discuss the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of this disease. This case demonstrates the importance of vigilance regarding erythematous or papular breast lesions in the setting of prior local radiation.
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