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您现在的位置：首页>美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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  • 刊频： One volume yearly
  • NLM标题： Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl
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  • 1.

    【2hr】Usefulness of PCR–RFLP of 18S rRNA gene for rapid post-mortem diagnostics of highly pathogenic Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of European bison, Bison bonasus L. with histopathological correlation

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    机译 18S rRNA基因的PCR–RFLP对高致病性艾美尔氏菌快速死后诊断的有用性。欧洲野牛Bison bonasus L.（Apicomplexa：Eimeriidae）具有组织病理学相关性
    摘要：spp. infection was investigated in 10 free-roaming European bison aged three months to 26 years by anatomopathological, histopathological, coproscopic and PCR-RFLP examination. The coproscopic study identified oocysts in the faeces of five bison. The most prevalent morphotypes were , present in all positive samples, and , in all but one. Additionally, mixed infections consisting of , , , , , , and were diagnosed in two bison calves. Besides being the most prevalent form, also demonstrated the highest OPG (2,750). The presence of oocysts in the faeces was associated with those of macrogamonts, microgamonts and oocysts in the epithelium of the large intestine. Intestinal coccidiosis associated with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis was observed in many bison, not only those with positive OPG. Four animals with negative coproscopy results demonstrated early-stage gametogony in the large intestine; one case presented no endogenous stages of coccidians in the histopathological sections of the intestine, nor oocysts in the faecal samples. A 530 bp product of 18S rDNA (GenBank: ) was obtained from both the colon wall and oocysts; this was subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis based on AluI and Hin1II (NlaIII) restriction enzymes. Both samples yielded a consistent seven-band pattern, four of which (270 bp, 40 bp, 180 bp and 84 bp) were expected, and the other three represented undigested fragments. The obtained digestion pattern is indicative of spp. infection, and can serve as a first-step diagnostic approach in detection of infection. The result of computer-based virtual digestion of the PCR product suggests that double digestion with Mval (BstNI) and KpnI restriction enzymes may be used as a second-step tool to distinguish between , and , all of which are highly-pathogenic species.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

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    机译 受日本南部阿尔卑斯山笼子保护的日本雷鸟（Lagopus muta japonica）的肠道寄生虫和卵囊脱落模式感染艾美球虫（Eimeria uekii）和艾美球菌（Eimeria raichoi）
    摘要：The population of Japanese rock ptarmigan ( ), an endangered species with a habitat above the timberline of the southern Japanese Alps, has declined. As one of the recent conservation strategies for this species, cage protection for broods (hens and chicks) has been introduced in their habitats. Two species of have frequently been detected in these birds, but little is known about the parasitic circulation in the region, including among birds and in the environment. Here, we conducted histopathology examinations of dead chicks collected under cage protection in 2018, and examined the feces of the hens and chicks of three broods and environmental soils for parasites in 2019 in order to assess the potential sources of infection and pathogenicity. Developmental zoites were found in the epithelial mucosa and/or the submucosa from the duodenum to the colon of all dead chicks. Fecal examination revealed oocysts of and/or in all hens and chicks. Oocysts of spp. per gram of feces in chicks increased within 2 weeks after hatching and then gradually deceased. Following infection of the chicks, oocysts could accumulate within the cage areas, and oocyst density exceeded more than 1000 oocysts per gram of cage soils. Based on having sporulated morphologies, oocysts could be infective and therefore, be direct or indirect potential sources of infection. However, based on our findings that not all chicks were clinically affected by the infections, other factors such as microbial flora in the chicks established by coprophagy or from the habitat environment, including climate, might be associated with the pathogenicity of spp., although further studies are needed to assess these correlations.
  • 3.

    【2hr】The occurrence of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in north-eastern Poland

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    机译 波兰东北部野猪（Sus scrofa）中Alaria alata mesocercariae的发生
    摘要：Various species of mammals, including humans and wild boars, can serve as paratenic hosts of mesocercariae – (DMS). Cases of DMS can be reliably detected by the recent introduction of the mesocercariae migration technique (AMT). The aim of this study is to present current data on the occurrence of DMS in wild boars in north-eastern Poland, and to compare the findings with those obtained in other European countries. was identified in 98 of 221 (44.3%) tissue samples of wild boar taken from five provinces in north-eastern Poland during the hunting seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 based on AMT analysis. Positive results were found in all studied regions, but the percentage of infected individuals ranged from 26.3% in the Pomorskie province to 65.5% in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province. The mean number of larvae exceeded seven larvae per 30 g sample for three provinces: Pomorskie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie. In turn, lower values were found in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province (3.3 larvae per 30 g), and the lowest in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province (1.8 larvae per 30 g). The occurrence and intensity of infestation in wild boars was found to depend on the environment in which they live. Neither the sex or the age of the wild boar appeared to influence the occurrence nor the intensity of infestation.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Ecology of bat flies in Singapore: A study on the diversity, infestation bias and host specificity (Diptera: Nycteribiidae)

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    机译 新加坡蝙蝠蝇的生态学：多样性，侵染性偏向和寄主特异性的研究（双翅目：夜蛾科）
    摘要：Bat flies are highly-specialized, hematophagous arthropods that are globally ubiquitous. There is little published research on bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in Singapore and understanding the diversity of nycteribiids, host association and infestation rates can provide insight into this host-ectoparasite relationship. Nycteribiids were collected from bats trapped in Singapore (2011–2016) and identified using morphological keys. Host-ectoparasite relationships were investigated with logistic regression and Bayesian poisson regression. Nycteribiids were found to be monoxenously associated with their host bat species and host age, sex, species, and BBCI appear to contribute to differences in prevalence and intensity. Differences in host specificity between bat fly species in Singapore and their conspecifics in less disturbed habitats with higher bat biodiversity, such as Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, suggest that the high host specificity in Singapore derives from the paucity of suitable hosts and abundance of single species roosts and not from their coevolved restrictions to them.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Diversity of trypanosomes in wildlife of the Kafue ecosystem, Zambia

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    机译 赞比亚Kafue生态系统野生动物中锥虫的多样性
    摘要：The Kafue ecosystem is a vast conservation protected area comprising the Kafue National Park (KNP) and the Game Management Areas (GMA) that act as a buffer around the national park. The KNP has been neglected as a potential foci for rhodesiense sleeping sickness despite the widespread presence of the tsetse vector and abundant wildlife reservoirs. The aim of this study was to generate information on circulating trypanosomes and their eminent threat/risk to public health and livestock production of a steadily growing human and livestock population surrounding the park. We detected various trypanosomes circulating in different mammalian wildlife species in KNP in Zambia by applying a high throughput ITS1-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nanopore sequencing method in combination with serum resistant associated-PCR/Sanger sequencing method. The prevalence rates of trypanosomes in hartebeest, sable antelope, buffalo, warthog, impala and lechwe were 6.4%, 37.2%, 13.2%, 11.8%, 2.8% and 11.1%, respectively. A total of six trypanosomes species or subspecies were detected in the wildlife examined, including , , , and . Importantly we detected human infective in buffalo and sable antelope with a prevalence of 9.4% and 12.5%, respectively. In addition, was found in the only vervet monkey analyzed. The study thus reaffirmed that the Kafue ecosystem is a genuine neglected and re-emerging foci for human African trypanosomiasis. This is the first assessment of the trypanosome diversity circulating in free-ranging wildlife of the KNP.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825) and Caimam crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758)

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    机译 黑线病黑猩猩（Spix，1825）和鳄龟（Caimam crocodilus）（Linnaeus，1758）的弓形虫感染的血清学证据
    摘要：is a protozoan with worldwide prevalence, known to affect a large variety of warm-blooded hosts. However, its ability to induce long-lasting infections in cold-blooded animals remains unclear. The most likely source of infection is through consumption of meat containing tissue cysts or by ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts. The current global climate change trend and the progressive degradation of natural habitats are prone to alter the distribution of ectotherm populations over a short period of time, which may favor contact between these animals and the protozoan. In association, alligator meat is considered a delicacy in many regions and its consumption has been previously related to a diversity of foodborne diseases. In that sense, we proposed in this study to search for specific antibodies against in serum samples of two common species of alligators from the Brazilian fauna ( and ) We obtained the serum samples from 84 alligators from the Araguaia region, which were tested by agglutination assays that do not require species-specific secondary antibodies (Modified Agglutination Test – MAT; Indirect Hemagglutination Assay – IHA). From the 84 samples tested, eight (9.5%) were positive by MAT. From those, seven (87.5% of MAT+, 8.3% of the total) were also positive by IHA, reassuring a probable exposure of these animals to the parasite. Direct parasite detection in muscle fragments of one serologically reactive alligator did not yield positive results. Our results provide serological evidence that Brazilian alligators may be exposed to and further studies should be performed to elucidate whether alligators are natural hosts of this ubiquitous protozoan parasite.
  • 7.

    【2hr】An investigation of the prevalence of Giardia agilis in anuran amphibians from fourteen areas in China

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    机译 贾第鞭毛虫在中国十四个地区两栖动物两栖动物中的流行情况调查
    摘要：is a species which is morphological distinguishable for its very narrow and elongated trophozoite. Although there were a few studies about its morphology since its first report in 1882, none investigations about its prevalence have ever been reported to date. We investigated the prevalence of in 25 anuran amphibian species from five provinces of China using both morphological and molecular methods. Of the 463 tested samples, 195 (42.1%) were positive. The 195 positive samples were from nine species, which are scatteredly distributed in four anuran amphibian families. The statistical prevalence among adults of different frog species showed no significant difference, and so did among tadpoles. Thus, is probably able to infect all anuran amphibians without species-bias. More interestingly, the prevalence in the tadpoles is significantly higher than in their adults. The prevalence in tadpoles from the same area showed no significant differences between none-legged stage and two-legged stage, but the prevalence in these two developmental stages is significantly higher than in the four-legged stage. And the prevalence in four-legged stage is still much higher than in adults. A turning point of prevalence appeared in the period of tadpole tail degeneration. Moreover, all the positive samples were from the areas with relatively high altitude (more than 870 m). The fact that tends to easily infect the frogs living in high altitude areas indicated it has evolved the ability to adapted the dramatic temperature change in poikilothermal animals. Therefore, has evolved some special successful parasitism strategies for parasitizing the poikilothermal hosts with metamorphosis such as anuran amphibians.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Ectoparasitism during an avian disease outbreak: An experiment with Mycoplasma-infected house finches and ticks

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    机译 禽疾病暴发期间的寄生虫病：支原体感染雀科和壁虱的实验
    摘要：Hosts are typically co-parasitized by multiple species. Parasites can benefit or suffer from the presence of other parasites, which can reduce or increase the overall virulence due to competition or facilitation. Outcomes of new multi-parasite systems are seldom predictable. In 1994 the bacterium jumped from poultry to songbirds in which it caused an epidemic throughout North America. Songbirds are often parasitized by hard ticks, and can act as reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens. We tested the hypothesis that infection in house finches influences North America's most important tick vector , by affecting the tick's feeding success, detachment behaviour and survival to the next stage. Most ticks detached during the daylight hours irrespective of the bird's disease status and time since infestation. Birds incrementally invested in anti-tick resistance mechanisms over the course of the experiment; this investment was made earlier in the -infected birds. At higher tick densities, the feeding success on birds with more severe conjunctivitis was lower than in the uninfected birds. Throughout the experiment we found positive density dependent effects on the tick's feeding success. More diseased hosts suffered more from the tick infestations, as shown by reduced haematocrits. Three -infected birds died during the weeks following the experiment, although all birds were kept in optimal housing conditions. made the bird a less accessible and valuable host for ticks, which is an example of ecological interference. Therefore, has the potential to ultimately reduce transmission outcomes of tick-borne pathogens via songbird hosts.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

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    机译 来自沿海泻湖的欧洲鳗，（Anguilla anguilla）的寄生虫群落中物种协会的时间动态
    摘要：The resilience of biological communities is of central importance in ecology, but is difficult to investigate in nature. Parasite communities in individual hosts provide good model systems, as they allow a level of replication usually not possible with free-living communities. Here, using temporal data (2005–2017) on the communities of endohelminth parasites in European eels, , from brackish-water lagoons in Italy, we test the resilience of interspecific associations to changes in the abundance of some parasite species and the disappearance of others. While most parasite species displayed changes in abundance over time, three trematodes that were present in the early years, two of which at high abundance, completely disappeared from the parasite community by the end of the study period. Possibly other host species required for the completion of their life cycles have declined in abundance, perhaps due to environmental changes. However, despite these marked changes to the overall community, pairwise correlations in abundance among the three most common parasite species (all trematodes) were stable over time and remained mostly unaffected by what happened to other species. We explore possible reasons for these resilient species associations within a temporally unstable parasite community inhabiting a mostly stable host population.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Living with liver flukes: Does migration matter?

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    机译 患有肝吸虫：迁移重要吗？
    摘要：Migration is typically thought to be an evolved trait driven by responses to forage or predation, but recent studies have demonstrated avoidance of parasitism can also affect success of migratory tactics within a population. We evaluated hypotheses of how migration alters parasite exposure in a partially migratory elk ( ) population in and adjacent to Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. Equal numbers of elk remain year-round on the winter range or migrate to summer range. We quantified diversity and abundance of parasites in faecal elk pellets, and prevalence (number of infected individuals) and intensity (egg counts) of giant liver fluke eggs ( ) in faeces across migratory tactics. We tested whether giant liver fluke intensity in faeces was affected by elk use of wetlands, elevation, forage biomass, and elk concentration in the previous summer. We rejected the “migratory escape” hypothesis that suggests migration allowed elk to escape parasite exposure because migrant elk had the highest richness and evenness of parasite groups. We also rejected the hypothesis that prevalence was highest at highest summer densities because higher-density resident elk had the lowest diversity and giant liver fluke egg presence and intensity. Instead, the high prevalence and intensity of giant liver flukes in migrants was consistent with both the hypothesis of “environmental tracking”, because elk that migrated earlier may expose themselves to favourable parasite conditions, and with the “environmental sampling” hypothesis, because giant liver fluke intensity increased with increased exposure to secondary host habitat (i.e., wetland). Our results indicate that differential exposure of different migratory tactics that leave the winter range has a greater influence on parasites than the concentration of elk that reside on the winter range year-round.
  • 11.

    【2hr】A novel quantitative real-time PCR diagnostic assay for fecal and nasal swab detection of an otariid lungworm, Parafilaroides decorus

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    机译 一种新颖的定量实时PCR诊断测定法，用于检测OTARIID肺部对虾的粪便和鼻拭子
    摘要：also known as sea lion lungworm, is a metastrongyloid nematode that infects otariid hosts, such as the charismatic California sea lion, causes bronchointerstitial pneumonia, respiratory distress, reduced ability to swim, dive and hunt and as a result, increased mortality particularly in young animals. Respiratory disease is a leading cause of stranding and admission to rehabilitation centers on the Pacific coast. Low-coverage genomic sequencing of four individuals analyzed through Galaxy's RepeatExplorer identified a novel repeat DNA family we employed to design a sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for diagnosing infections from fecal or sputum samples. The assay detects as little as 10 fg of DNA and a linear regression model developed using a standard curve can be used to estimate the concentration of DNA in a sample, ± 0.015 ng. This knowledge can be leveraged to estimate the level of parasite burden, which can be used to design improved treatments for animals in rehabilitation. Improved treatment of infections will aid in more animals being successfully released back into the wild.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Anisakid nematode species identification in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and North Atlantic using RFLP analysis

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    机译 利用RFLP分析鉴定北海，波罗的海和北大西洋的海豚（Phocoena phocoena）的线虫种类
    摘要：Harbour porpoises ( ) are the only native cetacean species in the German North and Baltic Seas and the final host of ( .) , which infects their first and second gastric compartments and may cause chronic ulcerative gastritis. belongs to the family Anisakidae (Ascaridoidea, Rhabditida) as well as the phocine gastric nematode species ( .) and ( .) . These nematode species are the main causative agents for the zoonosis anisakidosis. The taxonomy of these genus with life cycles including crustaceans and commercially important fish is complex because of the formation of sibling species. Little is known about anisakid species infecting porpoises in the study area. Mature nematodes and larval stages are often identifiable only by molecular methods due to high morphological and genetic similarity. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method is an alternative to sequencing and was applied to identify anisakid nematodes found in harbour porpoises from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and North Atlantic to species level for the first time. In the study areas, five gastric nematodes from different harbour porpoise hosts were selected to be investigated with restriction enzymes I, I and III, which were able to differentiate several anisakid nematode species by characteristic banding patterns. s. s. was the dominant species found in the North Sea and Baltic porpoises, identified by all three restriction enzymes. Additionally, a hybrid of . s. s. and . was determined by I in the North Sea samples. Within the North Atlantic specimens, . s. s., . s. s. and ( .) were identified by all enzymes. This demonstrates the value of the RFLP method and the chosen restriction enzymes for the species identification of a broad variety of anisakid nematodes affecting the health of marine mammals.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Interspecific variation of prevalence by Scaphanocephalus (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) from an Okinawan coral reef

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    机译 来自冲绳珊瑚礁的鹦嘴鱼（唇形科：Scarini）中的S尾骨S的specific虫流行性的种间变化（Splathanocephalus（Platyhelminthes：Trematoda：Heterophyidae））
    摘要：Metacercarial cysts of the parasite (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Heterophyidae) are frequently found on the pectoral fins and skin of parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) inhabiting Okinawan coral reefs in southern Japan. The prevalence of metacercarial cysts in 30 parrotfish species was investigated and compared through a market survey. Although parasite prevalence differed between parrotfishes, all species examined are considered to be suitable hosts. Prevalence was high in (38.5%, n = 13), (33.4%, 2797), (26.6%, 6441), and several other species that share, in part, common feeding habits. Conversely, prevalence was low in (0.4%, 1842), (0.4%, 270), and (0.1%, 8512) which have different feeding habits. Despite a few exceptions, feeding ecology and other indirect behaviors are considered to affect the prevalence of metacercarial cysts in parrotfishes. Taxonomic affiliation and nocturnal mucous cocoon usage are not considered to affect parasite prevalence.
  • 14.

    【2hr】The non-invasive measurement of faecal immunoglobulin in African equids

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    机译 非洲动物粪便免疫球蛋白的非侵入性测量
    摘要：Eco-immunological research is encumbered by a lack of basic research in a wild context and by the availability of few non-invasive tools to measure the internal state of wild animals. The recent development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring immunoglobulins in faecal samples from Soay sheep prompted us to optimize such an assay to measure immunoglobulin A (IgA: an antibody associated with parasitic nematode fecundity) in faecal samples from equids. We measured total IgA in domestic donkeys, wild plains zebras, and wild Grevy's zebras sharing the same landscape in central Kenya over two field seasons. Attempts to measure anti-nematode IgA more specifically, using a homogenized extract from a mixture of excreted nematodes, failed to clear background. However, we found that total IgA positively correlated with strongyle nematode faecal egg counts (FECs) in donkeys sampled during the wetter field season - a time when the donkeys were in good condition. Further, this relationship appeared among donkeys with high body condition but not among those with low body condition. Time lags of 1–4 days introduced between IgA and FEC measurements in repeatedly sampled donkeys did not yield correlations, suggesting that IgA and FEC roughly tracked one another without much delay in the wet field season. Such a direct IgA-FEC relationship did not appear for zebras in either the wet or dry field season, possibly due to higher interindividual variation in body condition among the free-roaming zebras than in the donkeys. However, Grevy's zebras had higher overall levels of IgA than either plains zebras or donkeys, potentially associated with their reportedly lower FECs at the population level. Our results suggest that equids may mount an IgA response to nematode egg production when the host is in good condition and that equid species may differ in baseline levels of mucosal IgA.
  • 15.

    【2hr】MHC-associated Baylisascaris schroederi load informs the giant panda reintroduction program

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    机译 与MHC相关的Baylisascaris schroederi负载通知大熊猫重新引入计划
    摘要：Reintroducing captive giant pandas ( ) to the wild is the ultimate goal of their conservation. Choosing higher fitness candidates to train prior to release is the first step in the giant panda reintroduction program. Disease resistance is one important index of individual fitness and presumed to be related to variation at major histocompatibility complex genes (MHC). Here, we used seven polymorphic functional MHC genes ( -C, -I, -L, -DQA1, -DQA2, -DQB1 and -DRB3) and estimate their relationship with (Ascarididae) infection in giant panda. We found that DQA1 heterozygous pandas were less frequently infected than homozygotes. The presence of one MHC genotype and one MHC allele were also associated with infection: -C*0203 and -L*08 were both associated with resistance. Our results indicate that both heterozygosity and certain MHC variants are important for panda disease resistance, and should therefore be considered in future reintroduction programs for this species alongside conventional selection criteria (such as physical condition and pedigree-based information).
  • 16.

    【2hr】Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp.

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    机译 来自南非海洋和淡水寄主的Camallanid线虫的形态，系统发生和分布的新信息，包括对Camallanus sodwanaensis n的描述。 sp。
    摘要：Four species of previously known nematodes from the family Camallanidae were found from different hosts in South Africa: Batrachocamallanus xenopodis from the frog Xenopus muelleri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and Procamallanus pseudolaeviconchus from the catfish Clarias gariepinus and Spirocamallanus daleneae from the catfish Synodontis zambezensis. In the material collected from various marine fishes, several specimens of nematodes from the genus Camallanus clearly differed from all previously known species. Based on morphological differences these specimens are assigned to a new species, C. sodwanaensis. Molecular data of 18S and 28S rDNA and COI sequences are provided for the collected species and a phylogenetic analyses based on 28S gene fragmets are presented.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium, Hepatozoon and Spirometra in snakes from central China

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    机译 华中蛇隐孢子虫，肝虫和螺旋藻的分子鉴定和系统发育分析
    摘要：Snakes are popular as food and traditional medicine in China. However, information about parasitic and bacterial infections in snakes from China is scarce. We investigated the prevalence of selected zoonotic agents including , and , in snakes in central China from June to October in 2018 by PCR amplification using parasite-specific primers. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing showed that 10.1% (15/149) of snakes were positive for spp., while 2.7% (4/149) were positive for . Additionally, we found 36.9% (55/149) of snakes were infected with . The spargana burden per infected snake ranged from 1 to 26. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and 60-kDa glycoprotein ( ) gene showed that the parasites belonged to genotype IIdA15G1, , and a species. We conclude that intensively farmed snakes excrete and oocysts due to ingestion of infected feeder animals, and that wild snakes in central China were commonly infected with , suggesting that eating improperly cooked snakes could be risky to human health.
  • 18.

    【2hr】New morphological and genetic data of Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing, 1851) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) in the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae)

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    机译 巨型食蚁兽Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus，1758年（Pilosa：Myrmecophophagidae）Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus（Diesing，1851年）（Acanthocephala：Arciacanthocephala）的新形态和遗传数据。
    摘要：(Diesing, 1851) is a parasite of anteaters in South America. Although described by Diesing in 1851, there is still a lack of taxonomic and phylogenetic information regarding this species. In the present study, we redescribe collected from a giant anteater, Linnaeus, 1758, from the Brazilian Cerrado (Savannah) in the State of São Paulo by light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, phylogenies were inferred from partial DNA gene sequence of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S rRNA). We provide for the first time details of the proboscis with a crown having 18 large hooks and numerous small hooks, a lateral papilla at the base of the proboscis, a ringed pseudo-segmented body, large testes, cemented glands in pairs, and a non-segmented region in the posterior end of the body, which contributed to the diagnosis of the species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered forming a well-supported monophyletic group with sp., which was congruent with morphological studies that allocate both genera within the family Gigantorhynchidae. In conclusion, the present work adds new morphological and molecular information, emphasizing the importance of adopting integrative taxonomic approaches in studies of Acanthocephala.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Morphological and molecular identification of epibiontic sessilid Epistylis semiciculus n. sp. (ciliophora, Peritrichia) from Procambarus clarkia (Crustacea, Decapoda) in China

    包量

    机译 附生的半生半生黄Epi的形态学和分子鉴定。 sp。 （中国象形虫，腹膜蠕动）来自中国的原螯虾（甲壳纲，十足目）
    摘要：Data on sessilinasis from are limited. This study investigates sessilid diversity in Hubei Province, China in 2016. pereopods were covered by two sessilid morphotypes in April and May, and the gills were adhered by one of these two morphotypes (morphotype I) in January. Identifying the two morphotypes according to their morphological characters through live observations and protargol-stained method is difficult. Both morphotypes show almost identical morphological characteristics: zooids present vase-shaped, the length-to-width ratio is 2:1, the semicircle-shaped peristomial disk is evidently above the peristomial lip, single contractile vacuole is located below the peristomial lip, and the oral infraciliature shows identical arrangement which can be distinguished from other . However, the morphometric data of the two morphotypes are significant different: body size of morphotype I is 78.9–103.8 × 32.1–54.6 μm, whereas that of morphotypes II is 136.7–171.5 × 60.9–88.0 μm. To further identify the two morphotypes, molecular regions including small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences, large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequences, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences were used. Results supported that the two morphotypes are single species of genus rather than distinct species based in their distinct size ranges and temporal presence events. We assigned it the name n. sp. with respect to the semicircular peristomial disk. Overall, these findings emphasized the importance of using molecular data to solve the identification confusion caused by ontogenetic processes. This study is the first morphological and molecular characterization of a sessilid isolated from under aquaculture conditions.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

    包量

    机译 血囊虫属物种，感染波多虫科的古代水龟的物种复合体：Orinoquia的波多克虫中的这些寄生虫的首次报道
    摘要：The genus was described in 1904 by Castellani and Willey. However, several studies considered it a synonym of the genera or . Recently, molecular evidence has shown the existence of a monophyletic group that corresponds to the genus . Here, we further explore the clade spp. by studying parasites from Testudines. A total of 193 individuals belonging to six families of Testudines were analyzed. The samples were collected in five localities in Colombia: Casanare, Vichada, Arauca, Antioquia, and Córdoba. From each individual, a blood sample was taken for molecular analysis, and peripheral blood smears were made, which were fixed and subsequently stained with Giemsa. The prevalence of spp. was 1.55% (n = 3/193); all infected individuals belonged to (Savanna Side-necked turtle) from the department of Vichada. This is the first report of spp. in Colombia and in this turtle species. The phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial c fragment revealed spp. as a monophyletic group and as a sister taxon of and the genus . spp. are difficult to identify by morphology only. As a result, it is possible that some of the taxa, such as ( ) , represent a species complex. The parasite found in our study is morphologically indistinguishable from ( ) reported in Peru. However, the new lineage found in shows a genetic distance of 0.02 with and 0.04 with . It is proposed that this divergent lineage might be a new species. Nevertheless, additional molecular markers and ecological features could support this hypothesis in the future.
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