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  • 1.

    【2hr】Understanding the Citation and Way Forward

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    机译 了解引文和前进的方向
    摘要：
  • 2.

    【2hr】Dimethyl Sulfoxide Leads to Decreased Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells Derived from Gingiva via Runx2 and Collagen I Expression

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    机译 二甲基亚砜导致通过Runx2和I型胶原表达从牙龈衍生的干细胞成骨细胞分化减少。
    摘要：>Objectives Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plays various functions, including cellular functions such as cellular growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of DMSO on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human gingiva-derived stem cells. >Materials and Methods Stem cells derived from gingiva were cultured in the presence of DMSO at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10%. >Statistical Analysis We performed a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc test to determine the differences between the groups using a commercially available program and the level of significance was 0.05. >Results The cells in the control group showed normal fibroblast morphology. The cells treated with 0.01%, 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% DMSO were morphologically similar to those from the control group on each day. Statistically significant decreases in cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) values were seen in the 3% and 10% DMSO groups ( p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in the 3% DMSO group. ( p < 0.05). The application of DMSO produced a decrease in alizarin red S staining. The expression of Runx2 and collagen I by immunofluorescence decreased as the dose of lovastatin increased. >ConclusionThe effects of DMSO on the viability of osteogenic differentiation among stem cells derived from human gingiva were evaluated. Applying DMSO produced decreased cell viability and decreased osteogenic differentiation in this experimental setting. This should be considered when designing and interpreting the data, and a DMSO-free method may be considered for bone regeneration applications.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Ethanol as Dentin Pretreatment on the Bonding Performance of a Two-Step Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive: AnIn VivoStudy

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    机译 乙醇作为牙本质预处理剂对两步蚀刻漂洗胶黏合性能的影响体内研究
    摘要：>Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of 70 vol.% ethanol as a dentin pretreatment on the bond strength (BS) of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. >Materials and Methods Resin composite Class I restorations were clinically bonded to acid-etched dentin of human sound third molars using Adper Single Bond 2 (SB, 3M ESPE) and randomly divided into two major groups: dentin saturated with water (control) or 70 vol.% ethanol (ethanol). The teeth were divided into two subgroups: immediately extracted and tested after 24 hours and extraction after 18 months. Bonded teeth (Adper SB 2) were cut into resin–dentin sticks that were tested by microtensile BS, and the failure mode was thereafter evaluated. >Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Holm–Sidak post hoc test (α = 0.05). Additional bonded resin–dentin slabs from each group were examined under light microscopy (LM) using the Masson's trichrome staining technique. >Results The lowest BS was obtained by ethanol pretreated dentin after aging, while other groups presented similar BS. The LM analysis showed the presence of resin-sparse collagen fibrils in groups examined immediately (24 hours) and the presence of several gaps due to collagen degradation at the interfaces of ethanol pretreated aged specimens (18 months). >Conclusion The use of 70 vol.% ethanol in dentin before the application of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive should be avoided once it resulted in a significant drop on the BS.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Facemask Therapy on the Soft Tissue Profiles of Class III Patients at Different Growth Stages

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    机译 快速上颌骨扩张和面罩治疗对不同生长阶段III类患者软组织特征的影响
    摘要：>Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask therapy on the soft tissue profiles of class III patients at different growth stages. >Materials and Methods Forty-five subjects (23 females and 22 males) were divided into prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal groups. Bonded type RME appliances and Petit-type facemasks were fitted to each patient, and intraoral elastics were applied from the hooks of the RME appliance to the facemask. >Statistical Analysis All measurements were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) for Windows. Repeated-measures of ANOVA and posthoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups. >Results The soft tissue nasion, pronasale, subnasale, soft tissue A point, and labrale superior landmarks were all displaced forward and downward, and the most dramatic changes were recorded in the pubertal group. The labrale inferior, soft tissue B point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue menton landmarks moved backward and downward in all groups, and the greatest displacements were observed in the pubertal group. >Conclusions The soft tissue profiles improved significantly and became more convex in all treatment groups. Although, the most favorable facial changes were observed in the pubertal growth stage, the treatments applied in the postpubertal stage also elicited significant changes and should thus be considered viable treatment options.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Comparison of Shear Strength of Metal and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets Cemented to Zirconia Depending on Surface Treatment: AnIn VitroStudy

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    机译 固结到氧化锆上的金属和陶瓷正畸托槽的抗剪强度取决于表面处理的比较：体外研究
    摘要：>Objectives Due to the high demand for all-ceramic restorations, monolithic zirconia restorations are nowadays frequently used. With the demand for adult orthodontic treatments, orthodontists need to be mindful of the quality of their brackets bonding to this type of material, as it requires special conditioning. This study aimed to compare different surface treatments of zirconia when bonding metal or ceramic orthodontic brackets. The objectives are to compare the shear bond strength; the amount of adhesive remaining on the surface of the material; the incidence of adhesive, cohesive, and mixed failures; and the occurrence of zirconia fractures. >Materials and Methods Forty monolithic blocks of zirconia of a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm were prepared and randomly divided into two groups ( n = 20): metallic or ceramic brackets. Each group was subsequently divided into two subgroups ( n = 10) depending on the surface preparation (laser treatment or airborne particle abrasion): SMB (airborne particle abrasion, metal bracket), SCB (airborne particle abrasion, ceramic bracket), LMB (laser; metal bracket), and LCB (laser, ceramic bracket). The samples were tested for shear bond strength using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the occurrence of zirconia fractures and different types of failures were assessed by optical and electron microscopy. >Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed using analysis of variance. >Results The differences were significant between the metallic (SMB, LMB) and ceramic (SCB, LCB) bracket groups with regard to shear bond strength, with respectively 23.29 ± 5.34 MPa, 21.59 ± 4.03 MPa, 20.06 ± 4.05 MPa, and 17.55 ± 3.88 MPa. In terms of surface treatment, no statistical differences were found between the different groups. >ConclusionMetal brackets have a greater bond strength than ceramic brackets when cemented to zirconia. The surface treatment of zirconia surface has no influence on the shear bond strength.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Fracture Resistance of Immature Incisors Following Root Filling with Various Bioactive Endodontic Cements Using an Experimental Bovine Tooth Model

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    机译 使用实验牛牙模型用各种生物活性牙髓水泥充填根后未成熟切牙的抗断裂性
    摘要：>Objective The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of immature bovine roots when using ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, and Biodentine as root filling materials. >Materials and Methods An immature bovine tooth model was developed by removing the coronal and apical portions of 70 bovine incisors 8 mm above and 12 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The specimens were then divided into five groups: ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, Biodentine, gutta-percha/AH26 sealer, and control. All groups received a 5-mm apical plug with a temporary restorative material. Then, the remaining root canal space was filled with one of the afore-mentioned materials. After setting, the specimens were mounted in acrylic resin. Then, 3 mm coronal to the CEJ from the buccal side of the teeth and at a 135°angle to the long axis, the specimens were loaded until fracture. >Results The specimens in the Biodentine (2196 N) and ProRoot MTA (2103 N) groups had significantly greater fracture resistance in comparison to the control group ( p = 0.01). No significant difference was found between CEM Cement, gutta-percha and sealer AH26, and control groups. No significant differences occurred between the four experimental groups ( p = 0.45). >Conclusion Filling the root canal space with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine contributed to higher fracture resistance values.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Number of Dental Stem Cells on Root Canal Dentin after Application of Triple Antibiotic Paste or Calcium Hydroxide: AnIn VitroStudy

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    机译 应用三种抗生素糊剂或氢氧化钙后根管牙本质上的牙齿干细胞数量：体外研究
    摘要：>Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of stem cells from exfoliated and deciduous teeth (SHED) on dentin surface treated with triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide. >Materials and Methods Nine single-rooted extracted premolars were prepared appropriately and divided into three groups. In group A, the root canals were left empty, a triple antibiotic paste was placed in the root canals of group B, and calcium hydroxide was placed in the root canals of group C. After 1 week, the intracanal medicaments were removed, and stem cells were seeded on the treated surface of the specimens for 1 more week. The cells were stained and then observed under confocal microscope over the entire surface of each test material. Counting of the cells was made by Image J (3D) software, as well as manually. >Statistical Analysis To investigate any statistically significant differences between the experimental groups, statistical tests including Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test were performed. Significance level was set to P < 0.05, and all analyses were performed with SPSS IBM program, v. 21. >Results Groups B and C showed statistically significantly higher number of cells compared to Group A, whereas cells developed in a substrate of calcium hydroxide residues appeared in majority with distinct cores and widened unlike other groups. >Conclusions The effect of calcium hydroxide manifested better results regarding the number of stems cells on root canal surfaces.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Microscopic and Chemical Assessments of the Filling Ability in Oval-Shaped Root Canals Using Two Different Carrier-Based Filling Techniques

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    机译 使用两种不同的基于载体的填充技术对椭圆形根管的填充能力进行微观和化学评估
    摘要：>Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the filling ability in oval-shaped canals using two different carrier-based filling techniques. >Materials and Methods Twenty-four human mandibular premolars with one oval canal were selected. Canals were shaped using WaveOne Gold Primary and ProGlider. Samples were divided into two groups and filled as follows: Thermafil and GuttaCore. The proportions of gutta-percha-filled areas (GPFAs), sealer-filled areas (SFAs), and void areas (VA), at 2 and 5 mm, were analyzed using optical numeric microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray. >Statistical Analysis Data were compared by Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks, with statistical significance set at α = 0.05. >Results At 2 and 5 mm distances from the apex, this study discloses no statistically different filling ability for the two techniques. Concerning each sample treated using both filling systems, the presence of tags was visualized. At working length (WL)-5, and WL-2, the maximum tag penetration depth for the GuttaCore group into the dentinal tubules was, respectively, 96 μm and 48 μm, whereas the values in the thermafil group were 109 μm, and 55 μm, respectively. >Conclusions Our results clearly show that Thermafil and GuttaCore can fill oval-shaped canals in appropriate way. Furthermore, we can state that the GuttaCore obturator allows to preserve the same filling ability than Thermafil obturator, in view of the fact that there was no difference, in terms of GPFA, SFA, and VA between the two different carrier-based obturation techniques.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Antimicrobial Effect of Newly Formulated Toothpastes and a Mouthrinse on Specific Microorganisms: AnIn VitroStudy

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    机译 新配制的牙膏和漱口水对特定微生物的抗菌作用：体外研究
    摘要：>Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of newly formulated toothpastes (four toothpastes for adults and two toothpastes for kids/babies) and a mouthrinse. >Materials and Methods Newly formulated six different toothpastes and one mouthrinse of a single brand and commercially available five toothpastes and three mouthrinse were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against two oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans , by agar well diffusion assay. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured in millimeters and statistical analyses were performed. >Results All experimental adult toothpastes exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans except the experimental toothpaste D. Experimental toothpaste B exhibited the highest antibacterial activity againstC. albicansandS. mutans. Experimental toothpaste for kids showed the best antimicrobial activity againstS. mutanswhen kids’ toothpastes were compared. None of the tested toothpastes for kids/babies showed antibacterial effects forC. albicans. Among the mouthrinse tested, Sensodyne mouthrinse showed the best results. Experimental mouthrinse showed significantly lower antibacterial activity againstS. mutansthen Sensodyne, Eludril, and chlorhexidine mouthrinse.>ConclusionAlthough experimental toothpaste and mouthrinse formulations revealed good results in terms of antimicrobial activity to some specific microorganisms, further studies involving more bacterial species or analyzing the quality and efficacy of these products by other in vitro or in vivo tests are needed.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Effects of Polymerization Mode and Interaction with Hydroxyapatite on the Rate of pH Neutralization Mechanical Properties and Depth of Cure in Self-Adhesive Cements

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    机译 聚合方式和与羟基磷灰石的相互作用对自粘水泥中pH中和速率机械性能和固化深度的影响
    摘要：>Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of self-adhesive resin cements associated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) according to the polymerization activation. >Materials and Methods Specimens of cements (PermaCem 2.0 [DMG]; MaxCem Elite [Kerr], and RelyX U200 [3M ESPE]) were distributed into three groups: activation mode; self-cured and dual-cured modes; and association or not with HAp powder mode. The pH neutralization was evaluated as a function of time. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were also tested (0.5 mm/min.). The depth of cure was also analyzed using the scraping test (ISO 4049). Infrared spectroscopy was also used to collect the spectra of specimens to evaluate the chemical bonds. Statistical comparisons were conducted at 5% of significance. >Results The aggressiveness of the self-adhesive resin cements evaluated varied among the materials with a tendency for neutralization. Self-cure groups exhibited lower pH throughout the entire evaluation when compared with that of the dual-cure ones, irrespective of the addition of HAp. MaxCem Elite when photoactivated was the only cement influenced by the addition of the HAp in terms of mechanical properties. The self-adhesive cements tested presented equivalent depth of cure based on the ISO 4049 requirements, regardless of the evaluated factors. >Conclusions Based on the parameters evaluated, the results demonstrated that most of the self-adhesive cements remained unaltered or improved when mixed with HAp, regardless of the activation mode.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Remineralization Potential of a Modified Eggshell–Titanium Composite-Scanning Electron Microscope Study

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    机译 蛋壳-钛复合扫描电子显微镜研究的再矿化潜力
    摘要：>Objectives  This article reports the remineralization potential of a modified eggshell–titanium dioxide (EB-TiO 2 ) composite in the management of DH. >Materials and Methods  The prepared composite was further characterized using different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM) to establish the modification. Forty freshly extracted bovine anterior teeth were used to evaluate the dentin tubule remineralization potential of EB-TiO 2 . Each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally to obtain dentin blocks. The dentin blocks were subsequently agitated in 4% wt. citric acid for 2 minutes to simulate sensitive tooth. Each dentin block was randomly assigned to five groups, namely Group 1: untreated, Group 2: EB alone, Group 3: EB-TiO 2 treated, and Group 4: Colgate Sensitive, and Group 5: Sensodyne treated ( n = 8) that were then subjected to remineralization protocol. >Results  Both the XRD and FTIR images confirm the surface medication of EB-TiO2. The TEM revealed a nonhomogeneous structure with an average particle size of 65 nm. FSEM further was used to observe the remineralization capabilities of the samples. The FSEM image of the dentin specimens treated with EB-TiO2shows complete remineralization of the dentin tubules, which remain intact postacidic exposure.>Conclusions This study confirmed that EB-TiO2composite effectively remineralizes dentin tubules. More so, the composite could be a cheaper and more efficient therapy material in the management of DH.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Prolonged Suppressive Effects of Periodontitis on Salivary TFF3 Production

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    机译 牙周炎对唾液TFF3产生的长期抑制作用
    摘要：>Objective As a follow-up to our previous study that demonstrated decreased salivary trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) peptide levels in chronic periodontitis patients, this current study aimed to observe the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on salivary TFF3 peptides in patients with periodontal diseases. >Materials and Methods Eighty-seven volunteers that comprised of 30 individuals with healthy periodontium, 31 with gingivitis, and 26 with chronic periodontitis were considered for the study. Prior to periodontal treatment, a general periodontal examination was performed along with collection of saliva samples from each volunteer. Nonsurgical periodontal treatments were provided to patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Two weeks post-treatment, saliva samples were recollected, and the periodontal status was re-evaluated. Salivary TFF3 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. >Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney U test was used when the investigated data were not normally distributed. Chi-squared test was used when dealing with categorical data. Kruskal–Wallis test with post-hoc corrections was used to compare data among the three investigated groups. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. >Results Prior to the periodontal treatment, salivary TFF3 concentrations in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis were significantly lower than those with healthy periodontium. Two weeks post-treatment, increased levels of salivary TFF3 were observed in patients with gingivitis, whereas the concentrations decreased in patients with chronic periodontitis. >Conclusion This study demonstrated the effects of periodontal disease on the production of salivary TFF3 peptides. Interestingly, nonsurgical periodontal treatment also affected the recovery of salivary TFF3 peptides but varied in their outcomes between gingivitis and periodontitis patients.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Effect of Dentin Pretreatment with Arginine on Microshear Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse or Self-Etch Adhesive Systems

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    机译 精氨酸牙本质预处理对蚀刻漂洗或自蚀刻胶粘剂体系的微剪切粘结强度的影响
    摘要：>Objective The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin pretreatment with 8% arginine on the immediate and 6-month bond strength (BS) of adhesive systems and surface morphology of dentin. >Materials and Methods Dentin bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm) were allocated into following pretreatments: without pretreatment (conventional technique, C) or exposure to arginine solution (A) for 5 minutes prior to tooth restoration. The adhesive procedure was performed using ( n = 12): 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Scotchbond Multipurpose—SBMP [C+SBMP and A+SBMP]); 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond 2 - SB [C+SB and A+SB]); or 2-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond - CSEB [C+CSEB and A+CSEB]). After 24 hours, the composite resin restorations were evaluated immediately and after 6 months of water storage using a microshear test and fracture pattern. The dentin surface exposed to A was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immediate BS data were submitted to a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test, and the long-term BS results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). >Results There was a significant decrease in immediate and 6-month BS for the A+SB and A+CSEB groups, which differed statistically from the C group. The fracture pattern was predominantly adhesive for SB and CSEB adhesive for C and A. The SEM images presented a different conditioning pattern of the dentin exposed to A. >Conclusion The dentin pretreatment with arginine interfered negatively in the immediate and long-term BS of the simplified adhesive system. However, the SBMP adhesive was not affected by arginine pretreatment presenting the most satisfactory results.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Osteogenic Differentiation and Biocompatibility of Bovine Teeth Scaffold with Rat Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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    机译 牛牙支架与大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞的成骨分化和生物相容性
    摘要：>Objective Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine. These have been combined with biomaterials such as Bovine teeth that are preferred as a periodontal regeneration material. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze a biocompatibility test and osteogenic differentiation of bovine teeth scaffold seeded with ADMSCs in vitro. >Materials and Methods A true experimental study with post-test only group design was conducted. Random sampling and Lameshow's formula were used to determine the sample. The scaffold, obtained from bovine teeth as the bone graft material, was analyzed using 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and its attachment was evaluated by scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography with ADMSCs. ADMDSCs attachment present in the bovine teeth scaffold was assessed using SEM at 1-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour intervals. >Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance was used to analyze the MTT assay results ( p < 0.05) based on normality and homogeneity test ( p > 0.05). >Results The highest viability of cells (97.08%) was found at a concentration of 10% by means of an MTT test ( p< 0.05). The results of three-dimensional bovine teeth scaffold showed the average particle size to be 500 µm. ADMSCs cell attachment to the scaffold bovine teeth showed a significant increase in the number of cells attached after 24 hours compared with those at 1 and 12 hours. Alizarin red staining showed an increase in ADMSC osteogenic differentiation after it was combined with bovine teeth scaffold.>ConclusionThe scaffold from bovine teeth is biocompatible and accelerates osteogenic differentiation of ADMSC.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Relationship of Mandibular Ramus Dimensions to Lower Third Molar Impaction

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    机译 下颌磨牙尺寸与下颌第三磨牙撞击的关系
    摘要：>Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the mandibular ramus features that could contribute to the etiology of mandibular third molar impaction. >Materials and Methods Two hundred and forty subjects were divided into two groups: impacted group: 115 subjects presented with an impacted mandibular third molar, and control group: 125 subjects with the normal mandibular third molar eruption. Digital panoramic radiographs were used, and four angular and twelve linear measurements were done. Comparisons between groups were done using Student's t -test. Pearson correlation and linear regression tests were used to assess the degree of relationship between retromolar space and mandibular measurements. >Results Control group showed significant greater measurements in most of the variables, whereas the impacted group showed significant larger gonial angle and larger inclination of lower posterior teeth than the control group. Significant correlations were found between retromolar space and coronoid height, ramal heights, ramus notch depths, the inclination of lower posterior teeth, and retromolar space/3M width ratio in both groups. >Conclusion The present study found that the configuration of the mandibular ramus appears to be discrete in many aspects in the erupted other than impacted lower third molars subjects, which might be a possible cause for the impaction.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Bonding Strength of Luting Cement to Zirconia-Based Ceramic Under Different Surface Treatments

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    机译 不同表面处理条件下鲁汀水泥与氧化锆基陶瓷的结合强度
    摘要：>Objectives  The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of self-adhesive luting cement to zirconia under different surface treatments. >Materials and Methods  Thirty-two zirconia samples were randomly divided into eight experimental groups based on the surface treatment employed (Control: no surface treatment; PMM: wear with diamond bur; JAT: blasting with glass beads; PMA: wear with a medium-roughness milling machine; Primer: primer application on the surface without treatment; PMM +Primer: PMM treatment plus primer application; JAT+Primer: JAT treatment plus primer application; and PMA+Primer: PMA treatment plus primer application). Cement cylinders were built on the ceramic surfaces, and the groups were subdivided according to the storage time employed (i.e., 24 hours or 60 days). After storage, the samples were subjected to microshear testing. >Statistical Analysis  The Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Dunn test was employed for comparison between the groups ( p < 0.05). >Results  The PMM group yielded the optimal results and the mean values increased after both storage times following the primer application. The Control, PMA, and JAT groups gave similar results after 24 hours, while the JAT group gave superior results following primer application over this storage time. After 60 days of storage, all groups gave improved results following chemical treatment with a primer. >Conclusion  It was concluded that mechanical preparation using the diamond bur followed by primer application significantly improved the bond strength between the ceramic and the luting cement.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Morus albaStem Extract Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 MMP-9 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 Expression via Inhibition of IκBα Degradation Induced byPorphyromonas gingivalisLPS Signal in THP-1 Cells

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    机译 桑树茎提取物通过抑制IκBα降解诱导抑制基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-1MMP-9和组织金属蛋白酶（TIMP）-1的表达。牙龈卟啉单胞菌THP-1细胞中的LPS信号
    摘要：>Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory effects of M. alba stem extract (MSE) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated-acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). >Materials and Methods THP-1 cells were treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of MSE combined with 1 µg/mL of P. gingivalis LPS. The mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The secreted proteins in the culture media were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degradation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IκBα) protein was tracked by Western blotting. >Statistical Analysis Comparisons in experiments were analyzed with analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference comparison test. >ResultsTwenty and 40 µg/mL of MSE significantly downregulated MMP-1 and MMP-9 genes and protein expression but upregulated the gene expression of TIMP-1 (p< 0.05).P. gingivalisLPS induced degradation of IκBα, while addition of MSE (20 and 40 µg/mL) increased IκBα cytosolic levels. MSE was able to suppress theP. gingivalisLPS-induced MMPs expression and also increased the gene expression of TIMP-1 via the inhibition of the cytoplasmic IκBα degradation in THP-1 cells.>ConclusionsThe present observations suggest that MSE exerted a positive effect on the regulatory mechanism between MMPs and TIMP, which is an important implication for the therapeutic potential of MSE in periodontitis.
  • 18.

    【2hr】A New Technique for Research on Wound Healing through Extraction of Mandibular Lower Incisors in Wistar Rats

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    机译 Wistar大鼠下颌下切牙切开修复创面的新技术
    摘要：>Objective The aim of this study was to explain a new technique for research on wound healing through extraction of mandibular lower incisors in Wistar rats. >Materials and Methods Fifty Wistar rats were used from studies using the experimental animal to investigate the effects of wound healing drugs on alveolar bone. The mandibular incisors of the Wistar rats were extracted using a special modified bein and special pulling pliers under general anesthesia. The tooth socket after extraction was closed using a 5.0 suture nylon needle. >Results The results of this technique used in this extraction showed 2% incisor tooth fracture and 3% bleeding, and that all fractured teeth could be removed properly, and bleeding could be stopped after suturing. >Conclusion The new techniques we use can be useful for research on mucosal and alveolar bone healing, specifically finding new types of drugs to accelerate wound healing after alveolar bone post extraction.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Xerostomia Therapy Due to Ionized Radiation Using Preconditioned Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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    机译 使用预处理的骨髓间充质干细胞进行电离辐射引起的口干疗法
    摘要：>Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the process of regeneration of damaged salivary glands due to ionizing radiations by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation that have been given hypoxic preconditioning with 1% O 2 concentration. >Materials and Methods Stem cell culture was performed under normoxic (O 2 : 21%) and hypoxic conditions by incubating the cells for 48 hours in a low oxygen tension chamber consisting of 95% N 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 1% O 2 . Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: two groups of control and two groups of treatment. A single dose of 15 Gy radiation was provided to the ventral region of the neck in all treatment groups, damaging the salivary glands. BM-MSCs transplantation was performed in the treatment groups for normoxia and hypoxia 24-hour postradiation. >Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis was done using normality test, followed by MANOVA test (p< 0.05).>ResultsThere was a significant difference in the expression of binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl-2 (p< 0.05) and also the activity of the enzyme α-amylase in all groups of hypoxia.>ConclusionBM-MSCs transplantation with hypoxic precondition increases the expression of binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl-2 that contributes to cell migration, cell survival, and cell differentiation.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Effects of Addition of Quaternary Ammonium Antimicrobial Compounds into Root Canal Sealers

    包量

    机译 根管封闭剂中添加季铵盐抗菌化合物的影响
    摘要：>Objective The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the addition of benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride in three commercial root canal sealers. >Materials and Methods Three different root canal sealers were used: EndoRez, N2, and Apexit Plus. The samples were prepared by mixing the components according to the manufacturers’ guidelines and adding 2% in weight of the antimicrobials to the newly mixed cement. The paste was placed in molds and stored in an incubator (37°C, 24 h). The samples were then stored in 5-mL distilled water. Samples without antimicrobials served as a control. All samples were tested at 3 time intervals: 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month following their storage in distilled water. The impact of the antimicrobials on the solubility of the sealers, the release of chloride ions (Cl — ), and the pH value were examined. >Statistical Analysis Analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test. >Results Chloride ions are present in storage media with EndoRez, N2, and Apexit Plus samples (without antimicrobials) following all tested storage intervals. The addition of the antimicrobials increased the release of chloride ions. Endodontic cements without addition of antimicrobials show an increase in weight after 1 month. The highest pH value is measured in Apexit Plus samples. The solutions in which N2 samples (with and without addition of antimicrobials) were stored did not have a significant change in their pH, while in the EndoRez solutions, a significant decrease in the pH value after the first week was measured. >Conclusions The addition of antimicrobials might lead to improved characteristics of the root canal sealers.
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