A novel absorption spectrometric method based on graphene nanomaterials for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific T lymphocyte cells

摘要

IntroductionDetection of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is the foundation for understanding hepatocellular carcinoma immune pathology and hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. However, the classical method for labeling CTLs, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–peptide tetramer, has drawbacks and needs further improvement.