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Functionally relevant diversity of closely related Nitrospira in activated sludge

机译:活性污泥中紧密相关的硝化螺菌的功能相关多样性

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摘要

Nitrospira are chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria that catalyze the second step of nitrification in most oxic habitats and are important for excess nitrogen removal from sewage in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To date, little is known about their diversity and ecological niche partitioning within complex communities. In this study, the fine-scale community structure and function of Nitrospira was analyzed in two full-scale WWTPs as model ecosystems. In Nitrospira-specific 16S rRNA clone libraries retrieved from each plant, closely related phylogenetic clusters (16S rRNA identities between clusters ranged from 95.8% to 99.6%) within Nitrospira lineages I and II were found. Newly designed probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed the specific detection of several of these clusters, whose coexistence in the WWTPs was shown for prolonged periods of several years. In situ ecophysiological analyses based on FISH, relative abundance and spatial arrangement quantification, as well as microautoradiography revealed functional differences of these Nitrospira clusters regarding the preferred nitrite concentration, the utilization of formate as substrate and the spatial coaggregation with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as symbiotic partners. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the nxrB gene, which encodes subunit beta of nitrite oxidoreductase of Nitrospira, revealed in one of the WWTPs as many as 121 species-level nxrB operational taxonomic units with highly uneven relative abundances in the amplicon library. These results show a previously unrecognized high diversity of Nitrospira in engineered systems, which is at least partially linked to niche differentiation and may have important implications for process stability.
机译:硝化螺菌是一种化学自养型亚硝酸盐氧化细菌,在大多数有氧生境中催化硝化的第二步,对于废水处理厂(WWTP)中的污水中过量氮的去除非常重要。迄今为止,人们对它们在复杂社区中的多样性和生态位的划分知之甚少。在本研究中,分析了作为模型生态系统的两个全面污水处理厂中硝化螺菌的精细尺度群落结构和功能。在从每株植物中检索到的特定于硝化螺菌的16S rRNA克隆文库中,在硝化螺菌谱系I和II中发现了密切相关的系统发育簇(簇之间的16S rRNA身份介于95.8%至99.6%之间)。新设计的荧光原位杂交探针(FISH)可以特异性检测其中的几个簇,这些簇在污水处理厂中共存已显示了很长时间。基于FISH的原位生态生理分析,相对丰度和空间排列定量以及显微放射自显影显示,这些硝化螺菌簇的功能差异涉及优选的亚硝酸盐浓度,甲酸盐作为底物的利用以及与氨氧化细菌作为共生伙伴的空间共聚集。 nxrB基因的扩增子焦磷酸测序,该基因编码硝化螺菌的亚硝酸盐氧化还原酶的亚基β,在其中一个污水处理厂中揭示了多达121个物种级nxrB操作分类单位,其扩增子文库中的相对丰度高度不均匀。这些结果表明,以前在工程系统中无法识别的硝化螺菌的高度多样性,这至少部分与生态位分化有关,并且可能对工艺稳定性具有重要意义。

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