Saccadic intrusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

摘要

The attempt to quietly fixate at a small visual object is continuously interrupted by a variety of fixational eye movementscomprising, among others, a continuum of saccadic intrusions (SI) which range in size from microsaccades with amplitudes ≤0.25°to larger refixation saccades of up to about 2°. The size and frequency of SI varies considerably among individuals and is known toincrease in neurodegenerative diseases such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).However, studies of ALS disagree whether also the frequency of SI increases. We undertook an analysis of SI in 119 ALS patientsand 47 age-matched healthy controls whose eye movements during fixation and tests of executive functions (e.g antisaccades) hadbeen recorded by video-oculography according to standardised procedures. SI were categorised according to their spatio-temporalpatterns as stair case, back-and-forth and square wave jerks (a subcategory of back-and-forth). The SI of patients and controls werequalitatively similar (same direction preferences, similar differences between patterns), but were enlarged in ALS. Notably however,no increase of SI frequency could be demonstrated. Yet, there were clear correlations with parameters such as eye blink rate orerrors in a delayed saccade task that suggest an impairment of inhibitory mechanisms, in keeping with the notion of a frontaldysfunction in ALS. However, it remains unclear how the impairment of inhibitory mechanisms in ALS could selectively increasethe amplitude of intrusions without changing their frequency of occurrence.