Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.
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机译:水下无线传感器网络(UWSNS)受到多种现实生活挑战。为了显而易见的原因,维持足够的功耗是关键的一个问题之一。这包括由于靠近和远离水槽节点(网关)的节点而导致的适当能量消耗,这影响系统的整体能量效率。这些无线传感器通过海面的网关收集并将数据路由到陆上基站。但是,从源节点到网关找到最佳和有效路径是一个具有挑战性的任务。在水下的现有路由协议中丧失能量的常见原因是(1)由于电池排水,(2)丢包或分组碰撞导致重新传输,因此影响系统的性能,以及(3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data.为了解决这些问题,在这项工作中提出了一种使用模糊逻辑的节能数据包转发方案。所提出的协议使用三个度量:跳数来到达网关节点,邻居数(节点的传输范围)和3D UWSN架构中的距离(或其等效接收信号强度指示符,RSSI)。此外,系统的性能也用自适应和非自适应传输范围和可扩展数的节点测试,以查看对能量消耗和跳数的影响。仿真结果表明,该方案比其他现有技术或在该方案中使用的参数方面更好地执行。
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