Small size gold nanoparticles enhance apoptosis-induced by cold atmospheric plasma via depletion of intracellular GSH and modification of oxidative stress

摘要

a Cells were treated with He-CAP for 2 min in the presence or absence of Au-NPs, and cell viability was analyzed after 24 h. Results are represented as means ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments, **P < 0.001 vs the He-CAP alone group evaluated by Student’s t test (S.E.M. is indicated by bars). b DNA fragmentation assay was carried out 24 h after He-CAP exposure. Results are represented as means ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments, ***P < 0.0001 vs the He-CAP alone group evaluated by Student’s t test (S.E.M. is indicated by bars). c Effects of the Au-NPs on He-CAP-induced early apoptosis and secondary necrosis. Cells were treated with He-CAP with or without Au-NPs. The percentages of cells in early apoptosis and secondary necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometry 24 h after He-CAP treatment. Results are represented as means ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments, **P < 0.001 vs the He-CAP alone group evaluated by Student’s t test (S.E.M. is indicated by bars). d Representative flow cytometry histogram based on annexin V-FITC and PI-stained cells. e Assessment of the morphological changes during He-CAP-induced apoptosis. The sign of apoptosis was dyed by Giemsa stain, and then the cells were examined under a microscope at 400x magnification. One representative photomicrograph is shown here, the arrowhead shows apoptotic cells.