Mechanical force-driven TNFα endocytosis governs stem cell homeostasis

摘要

MSCs produce and release TNFα for functional maintenance. a–c Examination of mRNA expression levels, protein expression levels, and secreted concentrations of TNFα in different cell types. N = 3. For quantification of Western blotting, two-tailed Student’s t test was used for comparisons between different cell types and MSCs. d Calcein labeling for bone formation analysis in WT and TNFα−/− mice (N = 5). Scale bar = 50 μm. e Oli red O staining for bone marrow adiposity in WT and TNFα−/− mice (N = 5). Scale bar = 150 μm. f–i Functional analyses of MSCs according to CFU, BrdU labeling, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. TNFα and RANKL were added at 1 ng·mL−1. N = 5. Scale bars = 100 μm. j Examination of protein expression levels and secreted concentrations of TNFα. N = 3. TAPI-2 was used to inhibit TACE at 120 nmol·L−1. k–n Functional analyses of MSCs according to CFU, BrdU labeling, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. N = 3. Scale bars = 100 μm. o Diagram showing the production and release of TNFα for the functional maintenance of MSCs. For quantification of Western blotting, a two-tailed Student’s t test was used for the comparison between the treatment and WT groups. *P < 0.05. N.S. not significant. Data represent the mean ± SD