Change by challenge: A common genetic basis behind childhood cognitive development and cognitive training

摘要

A Baseline WM performance in the different age groups from the developmental sample. That variable is a combination of visuospatial and verbal working memory tasks and is total the number of correct trials given at the start of the study and averaged between the two tasks. Shades represent standard error. B WM performance on different days during cognitive training in the training sample. This daily WM performance is a combination of visuospatial and a verbal working memory tasks and represents the average level of the three successful trials with the highest level on each day and averaged between the two tasks. Shades represent the standard error of the mean. C, D Distribution of standardized change in WM per count of individuals in the developmental sample (after 2 years) and the training sample, respectively. The WM change variable is the subtracted baseline WM from the follow-up WM in each sample and then separately standardized (mean of zero and standard deviation of 1). Values of zero represent the mean change in each sample.