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Pest Activity and Protection Practices: Four Decades of Transformation in Quebec Apple Orchards

机译:害虫活动和保护实践:魁北克苹果园的四十年转型

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摘要

Commercial orchards from Quebec (Canada) were followed for over 40 years to track patterns of activity of major fruit pests, fruit damage and impacts (environmental and financial) of pesticide applications. Some insects (as expected) were more prevalent in the insecticide-free orchard than in commercial orchards, while others were (surprisingly) more prevalent in commercial orchards or as prevalent in both orchard types. Annual fruit damage in the insecticide-free orchard was extremely high (as much as 98% for a single pest) and mostly from the apple maggot, the plum curculio and the codling moth. In commercial orchards, fruit damage was ten times less important and mostly from the plum curculio, the tarnished plant bug and the oblique-banded leafroller. The number of registered pesticides, the number of applications and the total cost of pesticides gradually increased from 1977 to 2019, while the environmental and health risks followed a downward trend for most pesticide categories. The historical trends presented here were likely modulated by external factors such as the pesticide regulatory framework, the arrival of non-native insects and climate change.
机译:来自魁北克(加拿大)的商业果园随访40多年,追踪农药应用的主要果蔬,果实损伤和影响(环境和财务)的活动模式。一些昆虫(预期)在无杀虫剂的果园比在商业果园中更普遍,而其他昆虫在商业果园中(令人惊讶)在商业果园或两种果园类型中的普遍存在。无杀虫剂的果园的年果实损伤极高(单一害虫的98%),大多来自苹果蛆,梅花,梅花和编码蛾。在商用果园中,果实损伤的损坏不那么重要,主要来自梅花,令人沮丧的植物虫和倾斜搭扣的leamfroller。注册农药的数量,应用数量和农药总成本从1977年到2019年逐渐增加,而环境和健康风险遵循大多数农药类别的下降趋势。这里提出的历史趋势可能会被诸如农药监管框架,非本土昆虫的到来和气候变化等外部因素调节。

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