Canadian Urological Association guideline for the treatment of bladder dysfunction in children

摘要

Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is one of the most common reasons for referral to pediatric urology clinics, responsible for up to 40% of clinic consults.1 BBD describes a constellation of symptoms related to voiding and defecation without a neurogenic or anatomic cause. The association of bowel and bladder symptoms is well-described.2 The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include storage type, such as urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence, or voiding type, such as hesitancy, slow urinary flow, and intermittency. Gastrointestinal symptoms include constipation and encopresis.