Brucella – Virulence Factors Pathogenesis and Treatment

摘要

are Gram-negative, small rods infecting mammals and capable of causing disease called brucellosis. The infection results in abortion and sterility in domestic animals (sheeps, pigs, rams etc). Especially dangerous for humans are: , and that trigger unspecific symptoms (flu-like manifestation). rods are introduced via host cells, by inhalation, skin abrasions, ingestion or mucosal membranes. The most important feature of is the ability to survive and multiply within both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. does not produce classical virulence factors: exotoxin, cytolisins, exoenzymes, plasmids, fimbria, and drug resistant forms. Major virulence factors are: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), T4SS secretion system and BvrR/BvrS system, which allow interaction with host cell surface, formation of an early, late BCV ( Containing Vacuole) and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when the bacteria multiply. The treatment of brucellosis is based on two-drug therapy, the most common combinations of antibiotics are: doxycycline with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones with rifampicin. Currently, also other methods are used to disrupt intracellular replication (tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ginseng saponin fraction A).