Low-frequency parietal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces fear and anxiety

摘要

Schematic of the neutral predictable unpredictable (NPU) threat task with online 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Subjects were exposed to neutral (N), predictable (P), and unpredictable (U) conditions. During the entire run subjects receive 1 Hz active rTMS, sham rTMS, or no TMS (tones). Startle probes and shocks were embedded in this 1 Hz train at random intervals during the cue (shape) period or inter trial interval (ITI). Startle responses during the cue and ITI periods of the NPU task as a function of rTMS type. Concurrent anxiety ratings collected during the NPU task and sampled during the cue and ITI periods as a function of rTMS type. TMS coil icons represent TMS pulses. Green noise traces represent white noise presentations. Lightning bolts represent shocks. Bars represent mean ± standard error.