Therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: preclinical study findings

摘要

The role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of OA. The role of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17, are elevated in OA. These cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of OA through several mechanisms including downregulation and upregulation of inflammatory responses. Abbreviations: ADAMTS: a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs; IL: interleukin; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NO: nitric oxide; TNF: tumor necrosis factor