Dexmetomidine fentanyl and esmolol on prevention of the hemodynamic effects of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. a prospective randomized double-blind study

摘要

The hemodynamic effects of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are well known. A variety of drugs, like fentanyl, esmolol and lately dexmetomidine, have been used in order to attenuate the stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Esmolol is an ultrashort acting beta 1 selective adrenergic antagonist, while dexmetomidine is an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Fentanyl is a short-acting opioid.