Proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides up regulate MMP-3 and MMP-13 production in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) chondrocytes: attenuation by anti-arthritic agents

摘要

Proinflammatory cytokines upregulate the mRNA expression of ( ) and ( ) in ELACs. The chondrocytes were treated with individual proinflammatory cytokines as follows: IL-1β (2.5 ng/mL); IL-17A (5 ng/mL); and TNF-α (5 ng/mL), or their combination with OSM (2 ng/mL) or IL-17A (5 ng/mL), for 24 h. mRNA levels were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. * signifies statistical significance compared with control (*  p