The transcriptome variations of Panaxnotoginseng roots treated with different forms of nitrogen fertilizers

摘要

(Burk.) F. H. Chen ( ) belongs to the genus and has been in domesticated cultivation for more than 400 years. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [ ]. According to the statistics of 2016, has been planted on approximately 53,000 hectares, from which around 50,000 tons of medicinal materials have been harvested, with an agricultural value of up to 1.5 billion dollars. The income from cultivation and processing, as well as from other relevant industries, has become one of the most important economic pillars of Yunnan province. However, since the high values of , abusing nitrogen (N) fertilizers to harvest more raw material is very common [ , ]. Abusing N fertilizers has brought some problems, such as imbalanced of soil nutrients and microbe [ ], which could aggravate continuous cropping obstacle [ ]. Many studies have been carried out on continuous cropping obstacle till now [ – ]. Furthermore, the average N application rate in cultivation is approximately 250 kg ∗hm [ ], causes soil available N with an average of 213.65 mg ∗kg [ ], which is 42.4% higher than the standard of extremely rich level ( 150 mg ∗kg ). Besides, our previous survey shows abusing N fertilizers causes NH concentration of some cultivation soils reaches up to 6 mM, which would increase the incidence rate of ammonium toxicity (unpublished data).