Multi-faceted analysis provides little evidence for recurrent whole-genome duplications during hexapod evolution

摘要

Co-linear patterns and histograms illustrating differences between whole-genome duplication and putative bursts of segmental duplications observed in this study: conceptual co-linearity pattern of (ancient) whole-genome duplication; black represents ancestral chromosome; light blue represents a duplicated chromosome containing gene duplicates with similar synonymous divergence ( ). Genome rearrangements will fragment duplicated chromosomes into syntenic blocks. frequency distribution of (an arthropod that underwent WGD). Orange-red, histogram of the node-weighted whole-paranome distribution; light-blue violin plot and histogram, distribution of gene duplicates anchored in co-linear blocks as inferred from MCScanX; inlay, circos plot of co-linear blocks: all duplicate segments reside on separate scaffolds. conceptual co-linearity pattern of a burst of segmental duplication; black represents an ancestral chromosome; light blue represents duplicated segments. Duplicated segments may end up on a position in another chromosome (gray bar), or on the same chromosome giving rise to tandem repeats and palindromes graphically represented as arches on a single scaffold. A burst of segmental duplication is hypothesized if the values of gene pairs anchored in co-linear blocks are not clustered in a distinctive peak corresponding to a peak in the whole-paranome distribution. histogram and circos plot of co-linear blocks of gene duplicates from . Orange-red, histogram using all gene duplicates; light-blue violin plot and histogram, distribution for gene duplicates anchored in co-linear blocks. Inlay, circos plot showing co-linear block distribution among and within scaffolds. See “ ” for further interpretation. Note that the older a potential genome duplication event, the more difficult it is to discriminate between alternative explanations. Silhouettes are derived from