Alternating Current (AC) Iontophoretic Transport across Human Epidermal Membrane: Effects of AC Frequency and Amplitude

摘要

PurposeAs a continuing effort to understand the mechanisms of alternating current (AC) transdermal iontophoresis and the iontophoretic transport pathways in the stratum corneum (SC), the objectives of the present study were to determine the interplay of AC frequency, AC voltage, and iontophoretic transport of ionic and neutral permeants across human epidermal membrane (HEM) and use AC as a means to characterize the transport pathways.