Hypoxia-regulated protein expression patient characteristics and preoperative imaging as predictors of survival in adults with glioblastoma multiforme

摘要

BackgroundRegions of hypoxia within glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors are common and may influence a tumor’s aggressiveness, response to treatment, and the patient’s overall survival. We examined four markers of hypoxia (HIF-1α, GLUT-1, VEGF, CA IX), cellular proliferation and microvascular density (MVD) indices, extent of surgical resection, and preoperative imaging characteristics and compared them with the overall survival rates of adults with GBM.