GNAS haploinsufficiency leads to subcutaneous tumor formation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification

摘要

The heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit Gsα links receptors to stimulation of cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, which inhibits skin fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. We now describe the development of fibrous tumors in mice with heterozygous disruption of the Gnas gene, which encodes Gsα and other gene products. Disruption of Gnas exon 2 on either the maternal or paternal allele (Gnas^E2-/+) results in fibromas or angiofibromas on the ears, paws and tail beginning at 4 months of age. The tumors were composed of fibroblastic cell proliferation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification, and seemed to be associated with mechanical skin damage. The presence of calcification was associated with greater amounts of matrix metalloproteinase-2, suggesting an association between calcium deposition and extracellular matrix degradation. Osteoblast-specific markers were absent, consistent with the calcification not being secondary to ossification. Molecular studies showed that the tumors were not associated with deletion of the wild-type allele, making it unlikely that these tumors resulted from homozygous loss of Gsα. These findings provide in vivo evidence that Gsα pathways inhibit fibroblast and endothelial proliferation and matrix deposition.