Energetics and Metabolism in the Failing Heart: Important But Poorly Understood

摘要

Purpose of reviewProfound abnormalities in myocardial energy metabolism occur in heart failure and correlate with clinical symptoms and survival. Available comprehensive human metabolic data comes from small studies, enrolling patients across heart failure etiologies, at different disease stages, and using different methodologies, and is often contradictory. Remaining fundamental gaps in knowledge include whether observed shifts in cardiac substrate utilization are adaptive or maladaptive, causal or an epiphenomenon of heart failure.