Use what God has given me: Difference and disparity in breast reconstruction

摘要

African-American women are significantly less likely to undergo postmastectomy breast reconstruction compared White women in the US. These observed differences have been interpreted as evidence of a healthcare disparity. The current study examines breast reconstruction decision-making among African-American women, locating reconstruction decisions in a context of culture, racial inequality, and biomedicalization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 African-American women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer to add patient-centred perspectives to existing conceptualizations of racial/ethnic differences in reconstruction. Participants were socio-demographically diverse, and resided in the New York metropolitan area. Data analysis was informed by grounded theory. Spiritually and culturally-informed body ethics often guided surgery decisions. Participants expressed reservations about breast implants, preferring autologous procedures that use “what God has given.” For some, breast reconstruction restored a sense of normalcy after cancer; others challenged an imperative to reconstruct. Several participants redirected our focus on access to reconstruction toward access to alternatives, noting the low reimbursement for prostheses, or their unavailability in patients' skin tones. We suggest that a framework of “stratified biomedicalization” better addresses the complexities of race, class, and gender that inform preference, access, and recommendations for breast reconstruction, and focuses attention on access to high and lower-tech interventions.