In this study we report the synthesis of a novel class of near-infrared fluorescent contrast agents that possess high-specificity targeting to cartilage inherent to the chemical structure of the fluorophore. After a single, low-dose intravenous injection and a clearance time of ≤ 4 h, these agents bind to all three major types of cartilage (hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage) and perform equally well across species. Analysis of chemical structure similarities reveals a potential pharmacophore for cartilage targeting. Our results lay the foundation for future improvements in tissue engineering, joint surgery, and cartilage-specific drug development.
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