HandaPhos. A general ligand enabling sustainable ppm levels of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings in water at room temperature

摘要

A new monophosphine ligand, HandaPhos, has been identified that when complexed in a 1:1 ratio with Pd(OAc)2, forms a catalyst that is generally useful, enabling Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings to be run using ≤1000 ppm of this catalyst. Applications to heavily utilized Suzuki-Miyaura reactions involving highly funtionalized reaction partners are demonstrated, all run in the absence of organic solvents using environmentally benign nanoparticle reactors in water at ambient temperatures. Comparisons with existing state-of-the-art ligands and catalysts are discussed herein.