Repeated Iron-Soot Exposure and Nose-to-Brain Transport of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles

摘要

Particulate exposure has been implicated in the development of a number of neurological maladies, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Only a few studies have focused on the olfactory pathway as a portal through which combustion-generated particles may enter the brain. The primary objective of this study was to define the deposition, uptake, and transport of inhaled ultrafine iron-soot particles in the nasal cavities of mice to determine if combustion-generated nanoparticles reach the olfactory bulb via the olfactory epithelium and nerve fascicles. Adult female C57B6 mice were exposed to iron-soot combustion particles at a concentration of 200 μg/m³, which included 40 μg/m³ of iron-oxide nanoparticles. Mice were exposed for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 5 consecutive weeks (25 total exposure days). Our findings visually demonstrate that inhaled ultrafine iron-soot reached the brain via the olfactory nerves and was associated with indicators of neural inflammation.