Child Language and Parenting Antecedents and Externalizing Outcomes of Emotion Regulation Pathways across Early Childhood: A Person-Centered Approach

摘要

Decreases in children’s anger reactivity due to the onset of their autonomous use of strategies characterizes the prevailing model of the development of emotion regulation in early childhood (). There is, however, limited evidence of the varied pathways that mark this development and their proposed antecedents and consequences. This study used a person-centered approach to identify such pathways, antecedents and outcomes. A sample of 120 children from economically strained rural and semi-rural households were observed while waiting to open a gift, at ages 24m, 36m, and 48m. Multi-trajectory modeling of children’s anger expressions and strategy use yielded three subgroups. As they aged, Typically Developing children’s strategy use (calm bids, focused distraction) increased while anger expressions decreased. Later Developing children, though initially elevated in anger expression and low in strategy use, demonstrated marked growth across indicators and did not differ from Typically Developing at 48m. At-Risk children, despite developing calm bidding skills, did not display longitudinal self-distraction increases or anger expression declines. Some predicted antecedents (12–24m child language skills, language-capitalizing parenting practices) and outcomes (age 5 years externalizing behavior) differentiated pathways. Findings illustrate how indicator-specific departures from typical pathways signal risk for behavior problems and point to pathway-specific intervention opportunities.