Over the last decade chronic critical illness (CCI) has emerged as an epidemic in ICU survivors worldwide. Advances in ICU technology and implementation of evidence based care bundles has significantly decreased early deaths, and have allowed patients to survive previously lethal multiple organ failure (MOF). Many MOF survivors, however, experience a persistent dysregulated immune response that is causing increasingly predominant clinical phenotype called the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS). The elderly are especially vulnerable, and thus, as the population ages the prevalence of this CCI/PICS clinical trajectory will undoubtedly grow. Unfortunately, there are no proven therapies to prevent PICS and multimodality interventions will be required. The purpose of this review is to discuss a) CCI as it relates to PICS, b) identify the burden on health care and poor outcomes of these patients, and c) describe possible nutritional interventions for the CCI/PICS phenotype.
展开▼
