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Eulerian-Lagrangian method for simulation of cloud cavitation

机译:欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟云空化

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摘要

We present a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method to simulate cloud cavitation in a compressible liquid. The method is designed to capture the strong, volumetric oscillations of each bubble and the bubble-scattered acoustics. The dynamics of the bubbly mixture is formulated using volume-averaged equations of motion. The continuous phase is discretized on an Eulerian grid and integrated using a high-order, finite-volume weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, while the gas phase is modeled as spherical, Lagrangian point-bubbles at the sub-grid scale, each of whose radial evolution is tracked by solving the Keller-Miksis equation. The volume of bubbles is mapped onto the Eulerian grid as the void fraction by using a regularization (smearing) kernel. In the most general case, where the bubble distribution is arbitrary, three-dimensional Cartesian grids are used for spatial discretization. In order to reduce the computational cost for problems possessing translational or rotational homogeneities, we spatially average the governing equations along the direction of symmetry and discretize the continuous phase on two-dimensional or axi-symmetric grids, respectively. We specify a regularization kernel that maps the three-dimensional distribution of bubbles onto the field of an averaged two-dimensional or axi-symmetric void fraction. A closure is developed to model the pressure fluctuations at the sub-grid scale as synthetic noise. For the examples considered here, modeling the sub-grid pressure fluctuations as white noise agrees a priori with computed distributions from three-dimensional simulations, and suffices, a posteriori, to accurately reproduce the statistics of the bubble dynamics. The numerical method and its verification are described by considering test cases of the dynamics of a single bubble and cloud cavitaiton induced by ultrasound fields.
机译:我们提出了一种耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日方法,以模拟可压缩液体中的气穴现象。该方法旨在捕获每个气泡的强烈的体积振荡以及气泡散射的声音。使用体积平均运动方程式来确定气泡混合物的动力学。连续相在欧拉网格上离散,并使用高阶,有限体积加权的基本非振荡(WENO)方案进行积分,而气相在子网格范围内建模为球形拉格朗日点泡沫,通过求解Keller-Miksis方程可跟踪其径向演化。通过使用正则化(拖尾)核将气泡的体积作为空隙分数映射到欧拉网格上。在最普遍的情况下,气泡分布是任意的,三维笛卡尔网格用于空间离散化。为了降低具有平移或旋转同质性的问题的计算成本,我们在对称方向上对控制方程进行空间平均,并在二维或轴对称网格上离散连续相。我们指定一个正则化内核,该内核将气泡的三维分布映射到平均二维或轴对称空隙分数的场上。开发了一个封闭装置,以将子电网规模的压力波动建模为合成噪声。对于此处考虑的示例,将子电网压力波动建模为白噪声,与从三维模拟计算得出的分布的先验先验相吻合,并且足以满足后验要求,以准确地再现气泡动力学的统计信息。数值方法及其验证是通过考虑超声场引起的单个气泡和云空现象的动力学测试案例来描述的。

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