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Does a plant‐eating insects diet govern the evolution of insecticide resistance? Comparative tests of the pre‐adaptation hypothesis

机译:以植物为食的昆虫的饮食是否能控制杀虫剂的抗药性?适应前假设的比较检验

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摘要

According to the pre‐adaptation hypothesis, the evolution of insecticide resistance in plant‐eating insects co‐opts adaptations that initially evolved during chemical warfare with their host plants. Here, we used comparative statistics to test two predictions of this hypothesis: (i) Insects with more diverse diets should evolve resistance to more diverse insecticides. (ii) Feeding on host plants with strong or diverse qualitative chemical defenses should prime an insect lineage to evolve insecticide resistance. Both predictions are supported by our tests. What makes this especially noteworthy is that differences in the diets of plant‐eating insect species are typically ignored by the population genetic models we use to make predictions about insecticide resistance evolution. Those models surely capture some of the differences between host‐use generalists and specialists, for example, differences in population size and migration rates into treated fields, but they miss other potentially important differences, for example, differences in metabolic diversity and gene expression plasticity. Ignoring these differences could be costly.
机译:根据适应前的假设,以植物为食的昆虫对杀虫剂的抗性进化会选择与化学战时最初与其宿主植物一起进化的适应性。在这里,我们使用比较统计数据来检验关于该假设的两个预测:(i)饮食结构更多样化的昆虫应该对更多样化的杀虫剂产生抵抗力。 (ii)以具有强大或多样的定性化学防御作用的寄主植物为食,应引发昆虫谱系以发展对杀虫剂的抗性。我们的测试均支持这两种预测。尤其值得注意的是,我们用来预测杀虫剂抗性演变的种群遗传模型通常会忽略食草昆虫的饮食差异。这些模型肯定可以捕捉到宿主通用医生和专家之间的某些差异,例如人口规模和向治疗区域的迁移率的差异,但是它们错过了其他潜在的重要差异,例如代谢多样性和基因表达可塑性的差异。忽略这些差异可能代价高昂。

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