Can levamisole upregulate the equine cell‐mediated macrophage (M1) dendritic cell (DC1) T‐helper 1 (CD4 Th1) T‐cytotoxic (CD8) immune response in vitro?

摘要

BackgroundEquine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a common and devastating neurologic disease of horses in the United States. Because some EPM‐affected horses have decreased immune responses, immunomodulators such as levamisole have been proposed as supplemental treatments. However, little is known about levamisole's effects or its mechanism of action in horses.