The transition from hunter-gatherer-fisher groups to agrarian societies is arguably the most significant change in human prehistory. In the European plain there is evidence for fully developed agrarian societies by 7,500 cal. yr BP, yet a well-established agrarian society does not appear in the north until 6,000 cal. yr BP for unknown reasons. Here we show a sudden increase in summer temperature at 6,000 cal. yr BP in northern Europe using a well-dated, high resolution record of sea surface temperature (SST) from the Baltic Sea. This temperature rise resulted in hypoxic conditions across the entire Baltic sea as revealed by multiple sedimentary records and supported by marine ecosystem modeling. Comparison with summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates from archaeological sites indicate that this temperature rise coincided with both the introduction of farming, and a dramatic population increase. The evidence supports the hypothesis that the boundary of farming rapidly extended north at 6,000 cal. yr BP because terrestrial conditions in a previously marginal region improved.
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机译:从猎人,采集者和渔民群体到农业社会的转变可以说是人类史前史上最重大的变化。在欧洲平原上,有证据表明到7500摄氏度时农业社会已经全面发展。 BP之前,一个成熟的农业社会直到6,000 cal才出现在北方。 yr BP未知原因。在这里,我们显示夏季温度突然升高至6,000 cal。 BP在北欧的BP,它使用了波罗的海海底温度(SST)的可靠的高分辨率记录。温度的升高导致整个波罗的海的缺氧状况,这已通过多种沉积记录得到揭示,并得到了海洋生态系统建模的支持。与来自考古现场的放射性碳年代的总概率分布的比较表明,这种温度上升与农业的引入以及人口的急剧增加是同时发生的。证据支持这一假设,即农业边界在6,000 cal处迅速向北延伸。 BP,因为先前边缘地区的陆地条件得到改善。
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