Superamphiphobic coatings (SAPCs) that resist wetting of water and low-surface-tension liquids have generated widespread attention in academia, but are very challenging to invent. Liquid adhesion, low stability, complicated and expensive preparation methods are the typical characteristics of SAPCs, which seriously hinder real-world applications of SAPCs. Here, we report a comprehensive study about preparation of SAPCs from abundant nanoclays with fibrous, plate-like and porous microstructures. The SAPCs are prepared simply by hydrolytic condensation of silanes in the presence of nanoclays, followed by spray-coating the as-formed suspensions onto substrates. The SAPCs feature high superamphiphobicity for various liquids down to a surface tension of 23.8 mN m−1 (n-decane), and high mechanical, chemical and thermal stability. The superamphiphobicity and stability depend on microscale and nanoscale surface morphology of the coatings, which are controllable by the microstructures of nanoclays and their acid activation. The fibrous nanoclays with moderate aspect ratio like palygorskite are the most suitable building blocks for the preparation of SAPCs by effectively forming the reentrant surface morphology. We believe that the findings will promote the progress of SAPCs, and pave the way for the development of clay-based super anti-wetting coatings.
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机译：耐水和低表面张力液体润湿的超两性涂层（SAPC）在学术界引起了广泛的关注，但是对发明提出了很大的挑战。液体附着力，低稳定性，复杂且昂贵的制备方法是SAPC的典型特征，严重阻碍了SAPC在现实世界中的应用。在这里，我们报告了有关从具有纤维状，板状和多孔微结构的大量纳米粘土制备SAPC的综合研究。通过在纳米粘土的存在下硅烷的水解缩合，然后将形成的悬浮液喷涂到基材上，可以简单地制备硅烷。 SAPC具有低至23.8 mN m -1 （正癸烷）表面张力的各种液体的超疏水性，并具有很高的机械，化学和热稳定性。超疏水性和稳定性取决于涂层的微米级和纳米级表面形态，这可由纳米粘土的微结构及其酸活化来控制。具有长宽比适中的纤维状纳米粘土（如坡缕石）是通过有效形成折返表面形态来制备SAPC的最合适的构建基块。我们相信，这些发现将促进SAPC的发展，并为粘土基超级抗湿涂料的开发铺平道路。
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